POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
, " "" " ""
Nµµ☒1
org
=
organism
environ -
-
environment
" "" " "
&
a-÷
} to
,
neo:*
tµ
→
interactions of organisms with their
physical +
biological environs and how these determine distribution
ecology .
and make up populations within an
ecosystem
with fluctuations in size of population and the factors ( physical that
population ecology →
concerned a + social )
these fluctuations
regulate
•
biosphere -
•
part of earth where living orgs are found
ecosystem
→
made up of
groups of
diff species of orgs that interact with each other + with environ
•
of diff species that inhabit and interact in a particular
community →
group area
•
population with each other
• →
group of
orgs of same species that occupy same area + can breed
freely
•
species →
group of
closely related orgs that are
very similar to each other + are capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring
individual form of life composed of complex of cells capable of
organism → a
single cell / a
growing +
reproducing
•
•
individual →
single org capable of independent existence
demographics the statistics of population (ie size age distribution growth density )
•
→
a :
. ,
rate ,
what robberies size
4% to
population size : total number of individuals of a pop .
increases due to
natality birth rate (animals) / seed production (plants ) ( human birth rate births / 1000 )
•
• : =
•
immigration individuals into
: move a pop .
t
stay
•
decreases due to •
death rate ( human death rate =
deaths / 10001
•
emigration : individuals leave a pop .
t don't return
stable pop birth immigration death
migration
•
: +
=
+ em
, closed population immigration / emigration
•
no
•
births / deaths
affecting para metres
•
only
=
size regulation
no food shortage + no individual reproduce more demands on resources birth +
immigration decrease ;
predators =
exponential growth
=
environmental resistance death +
emigration increase
pop size
.
=
pop .
fluctuates around balance reached =
pop . stabilizes
self-regulating carrying capacity at
carrying capacity
↳
seasonal + annual
fluctuations
environmental resistance total number of factors that stop from
pop reproducing it's Max rate
•
→
a . at .
•
carrying capacity →
population density that environ .
can support
limiting factors
of
regulate growth population
•
help
•
collectively build up environmental resistance
density independent limit result of natural factors density / no Of
growth not
→
as
orgs
•
.
,
↳
physical factors : rainfall , temperature , humidity acidity salinity
, ,
↳ catastrophic events : floods ,
fire , drought ,
volcanic eruptions ,
tsunami , earthquakes
density dependent
→
have greater effect when pop density is
higher
•
.
↳ food
resource availability :
, light oxygen
, ,
water , space shelter
, equilibrium |
stationary
↳
phase
predation &
↳
spread of diseases + parasites
stable footwearEven
monized romania |
numbers decrease when size exceeds carrying capacity
•
↳ numbers fall below
increase
again when numbers
carrying capacity
&
fluctuates around
carrying capacity
•
-
5 curve
graph lagphase
•
↳
mosti ntraspe cific comp.
, " "" " ""
Nµµ☒1
org
=
organism
environ -
-
environment
" "" " "
&
a-÷
} to
,
neo:*
tµ
→
interactions of organisms with their
physical +
biological environs and how these determine distribution
ecology .
and make up populations within an
ecosystem
with fluctuations in size of population and the factors ( physical that
population ecology →
concerned a + social )
these fluctuations
regulate
•
biosphere -
•
part of earth where living orgs are found
ecosystem
→
made up of
groups of
diff species of orgs that interact with each other + with environ
•
of diff species that inhabit and interact in a particular
community →
group area
•
population with each other
• →
group of
orgs of same species that occupy same area + can breed
freely
•
species →
group of
closely related orgs that are
very similar to each other + are capable of interbreeding and
producing fertile offspring
individual form of life composed of complex of cells capable of
organism → a
single cell / a
growing +
reproducing
•
•
individual →
single org capable of independent existence
demographics the statistics of population (ie size age distribution growth density )
•
→
a :
. ,
rate ,
what robberies size
4% to
population size : total number of individuals of a pop .
increases due to
natality birth rate (animals) / seed production (plants ) ( human birth rate births / 1000 )
•
• : =
•
immigration individuals into
: move a pop .
t
stay
•
decreases due to •
death rate ( human death rate =
deaths / 10001
•
emigration : individuals leave a pop .
t don't return
stable pop birth immigration death
migration
•
: +
=
+ em
, closed population immigration / emigration
•
no
•
births / deaths
affecting para metres
•
only
=
size regulation
no food shortage + no individual reproduce more demands on resources birth +
immigration decrease ;
predators =
exponential growth
=
environmental resistance death +
emigration increase
pop size
.
=
pop .
fluctuates around balance reached =
pop . stabilizes
self-regulating carrying capacity at
carrying capacity
↳
seasonal + annual
fluctuations
environmental resistance total number of factors that stop from
pop reproducing it's Max rate
•
→
a . at .
•
carrying capacity →
population density that environ .
can support
limiting factors
of
regulate growth population
•
help
•
collectively build up environmental resistance
density independent limit result of natural factors density / no Of
growth not
→
as
orgs
•
.
,
↳
physical factors : rainfall , temperature , humidity acidity salinity
, ,
↳ catastrophic events : floods ,
fire , drought ,
volcanic eruptions ,
tsunami , earthquakes
density dependent
→
have greater effect when pop density is
higher
•
.
↳ food
resource availability :
, light oxygen
, ,
water , space shelter
, equilibrium |
stationary
↳
phase
predation &
↳
spread of diseases + parasites
stable footwearEven
monized romania |
numbers decrease when size exceeds carrying capacity
•
↳ numbers fall below
increase
again when numbers
carrying capacity
&
fluctuates around
carrying capacity
•
-
5 curve
graph lagphase
•
↳
mosti ntraspe cific comp.
