CogSci 200 Final, FINAL EXAM (COGSCI
200) UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
consequentialist view of rationality - CORRECT ANSWER - performing actions that
achieve the best outcomes (that maximize utility).
functional level - CORRECT ANSWER - problem the capacity is supposed to solve
algorithmic level - CORRECT ANSWER - procedures that enable the problem to be
solved
physical level - CORRECT ANSWER - the neural/chemical substrates in which the
procedures are implemented
representativeness heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which judgments of
probability are made on the basis assessments of similarity
conjunction fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - example of a square being occupied by
"Linda's" probable jobs and hobbies.
conjunction fallacy and base rate neglect - CORRECT ANSWER - representativeness
heuristic leads to __________ and ____________
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which judgments of frequency
or proportion are made by the ease with which examples come to mind
affect heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which a host of complex judgments
are made on the basis of quick affecti ve "gut" reactions
,framing effect - CORRECT ANSWER - the finding that people react to a particular choice
in different ways depending on how it is presented
doctrine of double effect - CORRECT ANSWER - It is permissible to cause a foreseen but
unintended harm as a side effect(or "double effect") of bringing about a good end, even though it
would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end.
intutition - CORRECT ANSWER - this system of heuristics and biases are fast and
effortless
reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - this system of heuristics and biases are slow and
effortful
Kahneman's view - CORRECT ANSWER - reasoning (system 2) monitoring is very lax.
EX: baseball and bat problem
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER - he believed that none of the mind is modular
Popular view - CORRECT ANSWER - the mind has central cognition as well as modules
evolutionary view - CORRECT ANSWER - these theorists believe nearly the entire mind
is modular
representativeness heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - Linda the bank teller
availability heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - words with "N" in the first
position versus third position example
affect heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - buying stock in Ford without doing a
ton of research
,framing effects example - CORRECT ANSWER - Asian disease example
neuroeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - an emerging field that brings together the
mathematical models drawn from economics and neuroscientific methods that are well-suited for
illuminating brain mechanisms
striatum - CORRECT ANSWER - a major component of the basal ganglia. Involved in
processing rewards and punishments and in action control
thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in relaying sensory information from sensory
cortices to other regions
amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in processing emotions, especially fear
striatum - CORRECT ANSWER - brain structure that represents the rewardingness of
outcomes
ventral tegmental area - CORRECT ANSWER - neurons here behave like a prediction
error signal, so they represent the prediction error signal from the TDL algorithm
ventral medial prefrontal cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - represents the value function
from the Q learning algorithm
affective gut reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - _____ ______ ______ correspond to Q
values and they are represented in ventral medial prefrontal cortex
cocktail party effect - CORRECT ANSWER - illustrates the ability to selectively focus on
one among multiple stimuli
, overt attention - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to where the subject is directing their
senses EX: where they are pointing their pupils
covert attention - CORRECT ANSWER - what we are interested in; it is the set of mental
processes that selectively enhance targeted stimuli
early selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - the "gate" closes after the
sensory input, letting only certain inputs be percieved
late selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - attention is filtered after the
sensory input has been percieved
dichotic listening task - CORRECT ANSWER - a person listens to two different sources of
speech in headphones, then must report what is going on in a channel at a given time
flexible selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - attention operates at multiple
points along the processing hierarchy depending on the task and the person's goals
voluntary attention - CORRECT ANSWER - top-down voluntary allocation EX: cocktail
party effect
stimulus driven attention - CORRECT ANSWER - bottom-up automatic allocation EX:
visual pop-out effect
working memory - CORRECT ANSWER - allows temporary storage and processing of
information that isn't perceptually present
central executive - CORRECT ANSWER - active processing component of working
memory. Add/subtracts items and "manipulates" the contents of working memory
forward digit span - CORRECT ANSWER - only requires storage
200) UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
consequentialist view of rationality - CORRECT ANSWER - performing actions that
achieve the best outcomes (that maximize utility).
functional level - CORRECT ANSWER - problem the capacity is supposed to solve
algorithmic level - CORRECT ANSWER - procedures that enable the problem to be
solved
physical level - CORRECT ANSWER - the neural/chemical substrates in which the
procedures are implemented
representativeness heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which judgments of
probability are made on the basis assessments of similarity
conjunction fallacy - CORRECT ANSWER - example of a square being occupied by
"Linda's" probable jobs and hobbies.
conjunction fallacy and base rate neglect - CORRECT ANSWER - representativeness
heuristic leads to __________ and ____________
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which judgments of frequency
or proportion are made by the ease with which examples come to mind
affect heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER - a heuristic in which a host of complex judgments
are made on the basis of quick affecti ve "gut" reactions
,framing effect - CORRECT ANSWER - the finding that people react to a particular choice
in different ways depending on how it is presented
doctrine of double effect - CORRECT ANSWER - It is permissible to cause a foreseen but
unintended harm as a side effect(or "double effect") of bringing about a good end, even though it
would not be permissible to cause such a harm as a means to bringing about the same good end.
intutition - CORRECT ANSWER - this system of heuristics and biases are fast and
effortless
reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER - this system of heuristics and biases are slow and
effortful
Kahneman's view - CORRECT ANSWER - reasoning (system 2) monitoring is very lax.
EX: baseball and bat problem
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER - he believed that none of the mind is modular
Popular view - CORRECT ANSWER - the mind has central cognition as well as modules
evolutionary view - CORRECT ANSWER - these theorists believe nearly the entire mind
is modular
representativeness heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - Linda the bank teller
availability heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - words with "N" in the first
position versus third position example
affect heuristic example - CORRECT ANSWER - buying stock in Ford without doing a
ton of research
,framing effects example - CORRECT ANSWER - Asian disease example
neuroeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER - an emerging field that brings together the
mathematical models drawn from economics and neuroscientific methods that are well-suited for
illuminating brain mechanisms
striatum - CORRECT ANSWER - a major component of the basal ganglia. Involved in
processing rewards and punishments and in action control
thalamus - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in relaying sensory information from sensory
cortices to other regions
amygdala - CORRECT ANSWER - involved in processing emotions, especially fear
striatum - CORRECT ANSWER - brain structure that represents the rewardingness of
outcomes
ventral tegmental area - CORRECT ANSWER - neurons here behave like a prediction
error signal, so they represent the prediction error signal from the TDL algorithm
ventral medial prefrontal cortex - CORRECT ANSWER - represents the value function
from the Q learning algorithm
affective gut reactions - CORRECT ANSWER - _____ ______ ______ correspond to Q
values and they are represented in ventral medial prefrontal cortex
cocktail party effect - CORRECT ANSWER - illustrates the ability to selectively focus on
one among multiple stimuli
, overt attention - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to where the subject is directing their
senses EX: where they are pointing their pupils
covert attention - CORRECT ANSWER - what we are interested in; it is the set of mental
processes that selectively enhance targeted stimuli
early selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - the "gate" closes after the
sensory input, letting only certain inputs be percieved
late selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - attention is filtered after the
sensory input has been percieved
dichotic listening task - CORRECT ANSWER - a person listens to two different sources of
speech in headphones, then must report what is going on in a channel at a given time
flexible selection attention theory - CORRECT ANSWER - attention operates at multiple
points along the processing hierarchy depending on the task and the person's goals
voluntary attention - CORRECT ANSWER - top-down voluntary allocation EX: cocktail
party effect
stimulus driven attention - CORRECT ANSWER - bottom-up automatic allocation EX:
visual pop-out effect
working memory - CORRECT ANSWER - allows temporary storage and processing of
information that isn't perceptually present
central executive - CORRECT ANSWER - active processing component of working
memory. Add/subtracts items and "manipulates" the contents of working memory
forward digit span - CORRECT ANSWER - only requires storage
