intro to cog sci final exam ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the basic idea of the Physical Symbol System Hypothesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the brain contains word-like symbols
What does it mean to say that physical symbols in the PSSH are "multiply realizable" within the
brain? - CORRECT ANSWER - the same mental property, state, or event can be
implemented by different physical properties, states, or events
What is thinking according to the Physical Symbol System Hypothesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the manipulation and transformation of word-like symbols
What is a "search space" and what does it have to do with intelligence? - CORRECT
ANSWER - A search space starts with initial conditions and a list of permissible
transformations (options). The subject tries to reach the end state (goal) in a finite series of
transformations/moves. According to the PSSH, intelligence describes ease in navigating a
search space.
How does Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver work? - CORRECT ANSWER -
represents problems as states, even breaking them down into subproblems; uses means-end
analysis to figure out difference between current state and goal state, actions req'd to reach goal
st; learns from previous searches
What is a "heuristic search?" - CORRECT ANSWER - an option for navigating a search
space -- the subject considered all options immediately available and chooses the one that brings
them closest to their goal
How can we use river-crossing problems to illustrate a heuristic search? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the best options make meaningful progress to bring you closer to your goal
Who is "Shakey?" - CORRECT ANSWER - first mobile robot with the ability to perceive
and reason about its surroundings
, Is Shakey a Physical Symbol System? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
What can Shakey do? - CORRECT ANSWER - move around without running into things
How does the basic unit of a Connectionist network work? - CORRECT ANSWER -
***each input and output is connected to each hidden unit***
unit receives input, applies weight to input, sums up inputs, passes result thru activation function,
transmits output to other units in network
What do the weighted connections that obtain between Connectionist units do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - decides whether to amplify/diminish signals
What is a feed-forward network? - CORRECT ANSWER - activation (signals) move in
only one direction: from input unit to output unit
What are hidden units? - CORRECT ANSWER - units that receive input from input units
To what extent are Connectionist networks typically pre-programmed? - CORRECT
ANSWER - weighted connections are initially set randomly, then modified over a large
number of trials using a back propagation algorithm
To what extent do Connectionist networks learn? - CORRECT ANSWER - can adjust
strengths of weighted connections based on input data
What is the back propagation algorithm? - CORRECT ANSWER - trains AI networks by
comparing target values to output values, works backward through the system to calculate
required weight updates
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the basic idea of the Physical Symbol System Hypothesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the brain contains word-like symbols
What does it mean to say that physical symbols in the PSSH are "multiply realizable" within the
brain? - CORRECT ANSWER - the same mental property, state, or event can be
implemented by different physical properties, states, or events
What is thinking according to the Physical Symbol System Hypothesis? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the manipulation and transformation of word-like symbols
What is a "search space" and what does it have to do with intelligence? - CORRECT
ANSWER - A search space starts with initial conditions and a list of permissible
transformations (options). The subject tries to reach the end state (goal) in a finite series of
transformations/moves. According to the PSSH, intelligence describes ease in navigating a
search space.
How does Newell and Simon's General Problem Solver work? - CORRECT ANSWER -
represents problems as states, even breaking them down into subproblems; uses means-end
analysis to figure out difference between current state and goal state, actions req'd to reach goal
st; learns from previous searches
What is a "heuristic search?" - CORRECT ANSWER - an option for navigating a search
space -- the subject considered all options immediately available and chooses the one that brings
them closest to their goal
How can we use river-crossing problems to illustrate a heuristic search? - CORRECT
ANSWER - the best options make meaningful progress to bring you closer to your goal
Who is "Shakey?" - CORRECT ANSWER - first mobile robot with the ability to perceive
and reason about its surroundings
, Is Shakey a Physical Symbol System? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
What can Shakey do? - CORRECT ANSWER - move around without running into things
How does the basic unit of a Connectionist network work? - CORRECT ANSWER -
***each input and output is connected to each hidden unit***
unit receives input, applies weight to input, sums up inputs, passes result thru activation function,
transmits output to other units in network
What do the weighted connections that obtain between Connectionist units do? - CORRECT
ANSWER - decides whether to amplify/diminish signals
What is a feed-forward network? - CORRECT ANSWER - activation (signals) move in
only one direction: from input unit to output unit
What are hidden units? - CORRECT ANSWER - units that receive input from input units
To what extent are Connectionist networks typically pre-programmed? - CORRECT
ANSWER - weighted connections are initially set randomly, then modified over a large
number of trials using a back propagation algorithm
To what extent do Connectionist networks learn? - CORRECT ANSWER - can adjust
strengths of weighted connections based on input data
What is the back propagation algorithm? - CORRECT ANSWER - trains AI networks by
comparing target values to output values, works backward through the system to calculate
required weight updates
