Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
1. What are the Common adverse effects of H1 antagonists include
common adverse drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and blurred vision.
effects of H1 an- These side effects are typically mild and subside with
tagonists (anti- continued use.
histamines)?
2. What factors in- Selection depends on the drug's sedative effects.
fluence the se- First-generation H1 antagonists are sedating, while sec-
lection of an H1 ond-generation ones are non-sedating. Patient age, con-
antagonist? ditions (e.g., pregnancy, glaucoma), and side effect pro-
files also guide choice.
3. Indication for H1 H1 antagonists are used to treat allergic disorders (e.g.,
antagonists seasonal rhinitis, urticaria), motion sickness, and insom-
nia.
4. How are H1 an- H1 antagonists like diphenhydramine and pyrilamine are
tagonists used used in OTC sleep aids to induce drowsiness. However,
as sleep aids? the doses in OTC products are often too low to be fully
effective for treating insomnia.
5. What are the Infants: Use only under provider care, especially for seda-
lifespan consid- tion risk (6+ months).
erations for H1 Children: Avoid OTC cold remedies under 4 years old; use
antagonists? pediatric formulations as prescribed.
Adolescents: OTC cold and allergy meds are generally
safe for those 12 and older.
Pregnant/Breastfeeding: Second-generation antihista-
mines preferred; avoid unless necessary.
Older Adults: Avoid sedating antihistamines and decon-
gestants in those with cardiac or glaucoma issues; adjust
doses for age-related changes.
6. What is the main First-generation H1 antagonists are highly sedating, while
difference second-generation H1 antagonists are non-sedating.
between
first-generation
and
second-genera-
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
tion H1
antagonists?
7. Which drug class second generation H1 antagonists
is fexofenadine
in?
8. What food and Fruit juices (e.g., apple, orange, grapefruit) can reduce
drug interactions fexofenadine absorption, lowering its effectiveness. Avoid
should be con- these juices 4 hours before or 1-2 hours after dosing.
sidered with fex-
ofenadine (Alle-
gra)?
9. What is the Glucocorticoids inhibit prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
mechanism of histamine, reducing the local inflammatory response in
action of glu- rhinitis. They help manage symptoms, but are not used
cocorticoids in for severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. First- and
treating rhinitis? second-generation intranasal glucocorticoids are similar-
ly effective, with second-generation agents (e.g., fluticas-
one) less likely to be systemically absorbed.
10. How do Glucocorticoids bind to intracellular receptors, altering
glucocorticoids gene activity to reduce inflammation and immune re-
work and what sponses. They increase blood glucose, suppress protein
are their effects? synthesis, and promote fat breakdown
11. What are the Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
main pharmaco-
logical effects of
high-dose glu-
cocorticoids?
12. How do By inhibiting chemical mediators (e.g., prostaglandins,
glucocorticoids histamine) and suppressing lymphocyte and phagocyte
suppress activity.
inflammation?
13. What are com- Osteoporosis, infection risk, hyperglycemia, myopathy,
mon adverse fluid/electrolyte disturbances, growth delay, psychologic
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
effects of disturbances, cataracts, peptic ulcers, iatrogenic Cushing
long-term glu- syndrome, and adrenal suppression.
cocorticoid use?
(11)
14. How do Glucocorticoids control symptoms of allergic reactions
glucocorticoids like allergic rhinitis and bee stings (inflammation, swelling,
manage allergic itching, and redness) but are not effective for severe re-
reactions? actions like anaphylaxis, where epinephrine is preferred.
15. What are They are used to prevent and treat seasonal and peren-
intranasal nial rhinitis by reducing symptoms like congestion, rhinor-
glucocorticoids rhea, sneezing, and nasal itching in 90% of patients.
used for in
allergic rhinitis
management?
16. What addition- Using a topical decongestant (oxymetazoline (Afrin)) be-
al interventions fore intranasal glucocorticoid administration can improve
can improve the the response, especially if nasal congestion is present.
response to in-
tranasal glu-
cocorticoids in
allergic rhinitis?
17. What are the Drying of the nasal mucosa, burning or itching sensation,
common adverse sore throat, epistaxis (nosebleeds), and headache.
effects of in-
tranasal glu-
cocorticoids?
18. What are the Adrenal suppression and slowing of linear growth in chil-
major systemic dren.
concerns with
intranasal glu-
cocorticoids?
19. What are the Prevention and treatment of seasonal and perennial aller-
main indications gic rhinitis.
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
for intranasal
glucocorticoids?
20. What are the Prophylactic treatment of allergic rhinitis, primarily to pre-
indications for vent symptoms by suppressing histamine release from
intranasal cro- mast cells.
molyn sodium?
21. What are the Nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and
primary indica- common colds.
tions for sympa- *they only relieve nasal congestion, not rhinorrhea,
thomimetics (de- sneezing, or itching*
congestants)?
22. What are the Rebound congestion (with topical use), CNS stimulation
main adverse ef- (restlessness, anxiety, insomnia with oral use), cardiovas-
fects of sympath- cular effects (vasoconstriction), and potential for abuse
omimetics? (especially with pseudoephedrine).
23. What do sympa- Sympathomimetics reduce nasal congestion by activating
thomimetics do ±1-
adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels, causing
and how do they vasoconstriction, reducing swelling, and promoting nasal
work? drainage. They relieve congestion in conditions like aller-
gic rhinitis, sinusitis, and colds.
24. What are the Dextromethorphan is used as an over-the-counter cough
primary uses suppressant for treating nonproductive cough. It is also
of dextromethor- shown to have mild analgesic effects and can enhance
phan? opioid analgesia when combined with opioids.
25. What is the Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, preventing
mechanism of leukotrienes from causing nasal congestion by promoting
action of mon- vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability.
telukast?
26. What are the indi- Montelukast is used for asthma, and for seasonal and
cations for mon- perennial allergic rhinitis to relieve nasal congestion.
telukast?
27.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
1. What are the Common adverse effects of H1 antagonists include
common adverse drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and blurred vision.
effects of H1 an- These side effects are typically mild and subside with
tagonists (anti- continued use.
histamines)?
2. What factors in- Selection depends on the drug's sedative effects.
fluence the se- First-generation H1 antagonists are sedating, while sec-
lection of an H1 ond-generation ones are non-sedating. Patient age, con-
antagonist? ditions (e.g., pregnancy, glaucoma), and side effect pro-
files also guide choice.
3. Indication for H1 H1 antagonists are used to treat allergic disorders (e.g.,
antagonists seasonal rhinitis, urticaria), motion sickness, and insom-
nia.
4. How are H1 an- H1 antagonists like diphenhydramine and pyrilamine are
tagonists used used in OTC sleep aids to induce drowsiness. However,
as sleep aids? the doses in OTC products are often too low to be fully
effective for treating insomnia.
5. What are the Infants: Use only under provider care, especially for seda-
lifespan consid- tion risk (6+ months).
erations for H1 Children: Avoid OTC cold remedies under 4 years old; use
antagonists? pediatric formulations as prescribed.
Adolescents: OTC cold and allergy meds are generally
safe for those 12 and older.
Pregnant/Breastfeeding: Second-generation antihista-
mines preferred; avoid unless necessary.
Older Adults: Avoid sedating antihistamines and decon-
gestants in those with cardiac or glaucoma issues; adjust
doses for age-related changes.
6. What is the main First-generation H1 antagonists are highly sedating, while
difference second-generation H1 antagonists are non-sedating.
between
first-generation
and
second-genera-
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
tion H1
antagonists?
7. Which drug class second generation H1 antagonists
is fexofenadine
in?
8. What food and Fruit juices (e.g., apple, orange, grapefruit) can reduce
drug interactions fexofenadine absorption, lowering its effectiveness. Avoid
should be con- these juices 4 hours before or 1-2 hours after dosing.
sidered with fex-
ofenadine (Alle-
gra)?
9. What is the Glucocorticoids inhibit prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and
mechanism of histamine, reducing the local inflammatory response in
action of glu- rhinitis. They help manage symptoms, but are not used
cocorticoids in for severe allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. First- and
treating rhinitis? second-generation intranasal glucocorticoids are similar-
ly effective, with second-generation agents (e.g., fluticas-
one) less likely to be systemically absorbed.
10. How do Glucocorticoids bind to intracellular receptors, altering
glucocorticoids gene activity to reduce inflammation and immune re-
work and what sponses. They increase blood glucose, suppress protein
are their effects? synthesis, and promote fat breakdown
11. What are the Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
main pharmaco-
logical effects of
high-dose glu-
cocorticoids?
12. How do By inhibiting chemical mediators (e.g., prostaglandins,
glucocorticoids histamine) and suppressing lymphocyte and phagocyte
suppress activity.
inflammation?
13. What are com- Osteoporosis, infection risk, hyperglycemia, myopathy,
mon adverse fluid/electrolyte disturbances, growth delay, psychologic
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
effects of disturbances, cataracts, peptic ulcers, iatrogenic Cushing
long-term glu- syndrome, and adrenal suppression.
cocorticoid use?
(11)
14. How do Glucocorticoids control symptoms of allergic reactions
glucocorticoids like allergic rhinitis and bee stings (inflammation, swelling,
manage allergic itching, and redness) but are not effective for severe re-
reactions? actions like anaphylaxis, where epinephrine is preferred.
15. What are They are used to prevent and treat seasonal and peren-
intranasal nial rhinitis by reducing symptoms like congestion, rhinor-
glucocorticoids rhea, sneezing, and nasal itching in 90% of patients.
used for in
allergic rhinitis
management?
16. What addition- Using a topical decongestant (oxymetazoline (Afrin)) be-
al interventions fore intranasal glucocorticoid administration can improve
can improve the the response, especially if nasal congestion is present.
response to in-
tranasal glu-
cocorticoids in
allergic rhinitis?
17. What are the Drying of the nasal mucosa, burning or itching sensation,
common adverse sore throat, epistaxis (nosebleeds), and headache.
effects of in-
tranasal glu-
cocorticoids?
18. What are the Adrenal suppression and slowing of linear growth in chil-
major systemic dren.
concerns with
intranasal glu-
cocorticoids?
19. What are the Prevention and treatment of seasonal and perennial aller-
main indications gic rhinitis.
, Final NR566
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g5kq8x
for intranasal
glucocorticoids?
20. What are the Prophylactic treatment of allergic rhinitis, primarily to pre-
indications for vent symptoms by suppressing histamine release from
intranasal cro- mast cells.
molyn sodium?
21. What are the Nasal congestion due to allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and
primary indica- common colds.
tions for sympa- *they only relieve nasal congestion, not rhinorrhea,
thomimetics (de- sneezing, or itching*
congestants)?
22. What are the Rebound congestion (with topical use), CNS stimulation
main adverse ef- (restlessness, anxiety, insomnia with oral use), cardiovas-
fects of sympath- cular effects (vasoconstriction), and potential for abuse
omimetics? (especially with pseudoephedrine).
23. What do sympa- Sympathomimetics reduce nasal congestion by activating
thomimetics do ±1-
adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels, causing
and how do they vasoconstriction, reducing swelling, and promoting nasal
work? drainage. They relieve congestion in conditions like aller-
gic rhinitis, sinusitis, and colds.
24. What are the Dextromethorphan is used as an over-the-counter cough
primary uses suppressant for treating nonproductive cough. It is also
of dextromethor- shown to have mild analgesic effects and can enhance
phan? opioid analgesia when combined with opioids.
25. What is the Montelukast blocks leukotriene receptors, preventing
mechanism of leukotrienes from causing nasal congestion by promoting
action of mon- vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability.
telukast?
26. What are the indi- Montelukast is used for asthma, and for seasonal and
cations for mon- perennial allergic rhinitis to relieve nasal congestion.
telukast?
27.
