AC-HPAT Prep Questions and correct
Answers
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - correct answer-Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - correct answer-Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - correct answer-Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - correct answer-Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is
the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into
two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic
instructions? - correct answer-Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - correct answer-The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer-A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - correct answer-A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds
without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
What is anaerobic respiration? - correct answer-A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - correct answer-Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - correct
answer-Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - correct answer-Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - correct answer-A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into
two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer-The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chromatin? - correct answer-The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed,
consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
, What is a centriole? - correct answer-a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - correct answer-A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
What is DNA? - correct answer-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - correct answer-A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is
responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell where
the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - correct answer-A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and
DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either
ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is transcription? - correct answer-Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand
of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription,
and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA
strand.
What is translation? - correct answer-Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from
the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure
called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - correct answer-Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance
or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their
contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - correct answer-each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome
divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele? - correct answer-An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
What is a phenotype? - correct answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
What is a genotype? - correct answer-An organism's genetic makeup.
When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one, all the F1 hybrids have pink flowers. This is an
example of: - correct answer-Incomplete dominance
Traits that are alternatives to the wild type (for example, white eyes in a fruit fly as opposed to the usual
red) are called: - correct answer-Mutant phenotypes
Lethal recessive mutations are perpetuated by the reproduction of carriers with normal: - correct
answer-Phenotypes
Answers
Most of the cell membrane's specific functions are controlled by: - correct answer-Proteins
Alcoholic Fermentation is a form of: - correct answer-Anaerobic Respiration
Phagocytosis is a form of: - correct answer-Endocytosis
What is a pyruvate? - correct answer-Pyruvate is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. It is
the output of the metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis. One molecule of glucose breaks down into
two molecules of pyruvate, which are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
What are the small spherical bodies within a cell where proteins are assembled according to genetic
instructions? - correct answer-Ribosomes
What is the structural and functional unit of life? - correct answer-The cell
What is a prokaryotic cell? - correct answer-A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is a eukaryotic cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
What is cellular respiration? - correct answer-A catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
sometimes oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel. At times, the process proceeds
without oxygen, but this is less efficient.
What is anaerobic respiration? - correct answer-A form of cellular respiration that does not involve
oxygen.
What is aerobic respiration? - correct answer-Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to
generate energy.
Name the four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - correct
answer-Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotes often reproduce by: - correct answer-Binary Fission
What is binary fission? - correct answer-A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into
two identical halves.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer-The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which
occurs during the telophase stage of mitosis.
What is a haploid cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
What is a diploid cell? - correct answer-A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
What is chromatin? - correct answer-The substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed,
consisting of mostly proteins, DNA, and RNA.
, What is a centriole? - correct answer-a cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in
pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
What is a chromosome? - correct answer-A structure carrying genes is a linear sequence, found in the
nucleus, consisting of DNA and protein.
What is DNA? - correct answer-A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating
and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. It makes up the genetic material of most
living organisms and plays a role in determining heredity.
What is RNA? - correct answer-A single-stranded nucleic acid molecule involved in protein synthesis. It is
responsible for carrying the genetic code transcribed for DNA to specialized sites within the cell where
the information is translated into protein composition.
What is a nucleotide? - correct answer-A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids. RNA and
DNA are polymers made of long chains of nucleotides. A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either
ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.
What is transcription? - correct answer-Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand
of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). ... This complex initiates transcription,
and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA
strand.
What is translation? - correct answer-Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from
the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure
called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins
What is endocytosis and exocytosis? - correct answer-Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance
or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell.
Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their
contents to the outside of the cell
What is a chromotid? - correct answer-each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome
divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
What is an allele? - correct answer-An alternative version of a gene; one from each parent.
What is a phenotype? - correct answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
What is a genotype? - correct answer-An organism's genetic makeup.
When a red snapdragon is crossed with a white one, all the F1 hybrids have pink flowers. This is an
example of: - correct answer-Incomplete dominance
Traits that are alternatives to the wild type (for example, white eyes in a fruit fly as opposed to the usual
red) are called: - correct answer-Mutant phenotypes
Lethal recessive mutations are perpetuated by the reproduction of carriers with normal: - correct
answer-Phenotypes
