GRCC BI 232 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Conjugation - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires direct contact between a donor and recipient
cell. Donor transfers a strand of DNA to the recipient
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER - When a virus infects a donor cell, it incorporates a
fragment of bacterial chromosomal DNA into a newly made virus particle. The virus then
transfers this fragment to a recipient cell which incorporates the DNA into its chromosome by
recombination
Transformation - CORRECT ANSWER - When a bacterial cell dies and releases a fragment
of DNA into the environment and it taken up and incorporated into its DNA via recombination
Griffith's 1928 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria are capable of transferring
genetic information through the process of transformation
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty 1944 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Built upon Griffiths
work to demonstrate that DNA was the transforming principle
Hershey and Chase 1952 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Used genetic transfer by the
process of transduction to demonstrate the DNA and not protein is the hereditary molecule
Pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER - Thymine (T), Uracil (U in RNA), Cytosine (C), All
single rings
Purines - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine (A), Guanine (G), All double rings
Deoxyribose - CORRECT ANSWER - Sugar in DNA
, Ribose - CORRECT ANSWER - Sugar in RNA
Phosphate Group - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 5' Carbon
Hydroxyl Group - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 3' Carbon
Nitrogen Base - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 1' Carbon
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - Base + Sugar + 1 or more Phosphate Groups
Phosphodiester Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - 3' Carbon of the last sugar in the
polynucleotide chain is linked to the 5' carbon of the triphosphate being added
Linus Pauling - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneered the ball and stick model to identify
molecular structure. Proposed the triple-helical structure for DNA
Rosalind Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER - Used X-ray crystalography to identify that DNA
had a helical structure, and that there was 10bp per turn
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - A = T and C = G Even though different organisms
have different amounts of DNA, Adenine always equals Thymine and Guanine always equals
Cytosine
Antiparallel DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' and 3' ends of complementary stands are
reversed
B DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Right-handed double helix
Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Conjugation - CORRECT ANSWER - Requires direct contact between a donor and recipient
cell. Donor transfers a strand of DNA to the recipient
Transduction - CORRECT ANSWER - When a virus infects a donor cell, it incorporates a
fragment of bacterial chromosomal DNA into a newly made virus particle. The virus then
transfers this fragment to a recipient cell which incorporates the DNA into its chromosome by
recombination
Transformation - CORRECT ANSWER - When a bacterial cell dies and releases a fragment
of DNA into the environment and it taken up and incorporated into its DNA via recombination
Griffith's 1928 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria are capable of transferring
genetic information through the process of transformation
Avery, Macleod, and McCarty 1944 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Built upon Griffiths
work to demonstrate that DNA was the transforming principle
Hershey and Chase 1952 Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER - Used genetic transfer by the
process of transduction to demonstrate the DNA and not protein is the hereditary molecule
Pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER - Thymine (T), Uracil (U in RNA), Cytosine (C), All
single rings
Purines - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenine (A), Guanine (G), All double rings
Deoxyribose - CORRECT ANSWER - Sugar in DNA
, Ribose - CORRECT ANSWER - Sugar in RNA
Phosphate Group - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 5' Carbon
Hydroxyl Group - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 3' Carbon
Nitrogen Base - CORRECT ANSWER - Attached to the 1' Carbon
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER - Base + Sugar + 1 or more Phosphate Groups
Phosphodiester Bond - CORRECT ANSWER - 3' Carbon of the last sugar in the
polynucleotide chain is linked to the 5' carbon of the triphosphate being added
Linus Pauling - CORRECT ANSWER - Pioneered the ball and stick model to identify
molecular structure. Proposed the triple-helical structure for DNA
Rosalind Franklin - CORRECT ANSWER - Used X-ray crystalography to identify that DNA
had a helical structure, and that there was 10bp per turn
Chargaff's Rule - CORRECT ANSWER - A = T and C = G Even though different organisms
have different amounts of DNA, Adenine always equals Thymine and Guanine always equals
Cytosine
Antiparallel DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - 5' and 3' ends of complementary stands are
reversed
B DNA - CORRECT ANSWER - Right-handed double helix
