BIO 208 Exam 6 with verified solutions
How |did |Dr. |John |Snow's |investigation |of |the |London |cholera |outbreak |contribute |to |the |field |of
|epidemiology? |- |correct |answer |-He |proved |that |cholera |was |spread |though |the |water |rather |than
|the |air. |He |also |traced |the |whole |epidemic |back |to |the |specific |pump/well |that |was |contaminated.
Define |endemic |- |correct |answer |-A |disease |that |is |constantly |present |in |a |population
Define |outbreak |- |correct |answer |-A |cluster |of |cases |in |a |short |time |period
Define |pandemic |- |correct |answer |-An |epidemic |over |a |wide |geographic |area |that |crosses
|international |boundaries |and |affects |a |large |number |of |people.
Define |epidemic |- |correct |answer |-An |unusually |large |number |of |cases |in |a |short |period |of |time.
Define |reportable |disease |- |correct |answer |-It |is |mandatory |that |providers |report |to |the |states.
|Each |state |has |their |own |laws |on |what |diseases |must |be |reported, |and |this |can |change |over |time.
Define |notifiable |disease |- |correct |answer |-These |are |voluntary |reports |to |the |CDC |for |nationwide
|aggregation |and |monitoring |of |the |disease.
What |is |the |reporting |chain |for |diseases? |- |correct |answer |-Providers |& |health |department |-> |State
|or |regional |public |health |-> |CDC
Define |contact |tracing |- |correct |answer |-The |process |of |identification |of |persons |("contacts") |who
|may |have |come |into |contact |with |an |infected |person |and |subsequent |collection |of |further
|information |about |these |contacts.
Define |index |patient |- |correct |answer |-"Patient |zero" |The |first |documented |patient |in |a |disease
|outbreak |within |a |population.
Define |super-spreader |- |correct |answer |-A |patient |(or |event) |that |may |transmit |the |infection |to |a
|larger |number |of |individuals |than |is |usual |for |one |individual |(or |event).
, Which |of |the |following |agencies |would |be |the |first |to |receive |information |about |a |reportable
|disease |in |the |U.S.?
WHO, |CDC, |FDA, |state |health |agency |- |correct |answer |-State |health |agency
An |individual |case |of |diptheria, |a |notifiable |infectious |disease, |in |a |patient |in |Florida |is |confirmed
|by |laboratory |testing. |This |patient's |state |agency |should...
a. |notify |the |WHO |in |Geneva, |Switzerland
b. |notify |the |CDC |in |Atlanta, |Georgia
c. |Treat |the |patient |regardless |of |health |insurance |status
d. |quarantine |the |patient |for |eight |weeks |- |correct |answer |-b. |notify |the |CDC |in |Atlanta, |Georgia
The |figure |shown |below |indicates |the |spread |of |a |highly |infectious |disease. |The |red |circle
|indicates... |- |correct |answer |-Index |case
What |do |the |red |people |in |the |figure |shown |below |indicating |the |spread |of |a |highly |infectious
|disease |indicate? |- |correct |answer |-Super |spreaders
What |is |one |of |the |most |important |defenses |found |throughout |the |majority |of |the |respiratory
|tract? |- |correct |answer |-Mucociliary |Escalator
Most |URTI |are |mild |and |self-limiting |(meaning |the |infection |will |go |away |without |specific |anti-
microbial |therapy) |The |bacterial |pathogens |that |can |cause |serious |upper |respiratory |tract |infections
|are... |(3) |- |correct |answer |-Streptococcus |pyogenes, |Streptococcus |pneumonia, |haemophillus
|influenzae, |and |Moraxella |catarrhalis
What |is |the |name |of |the |pathogen |that |causes |streptococcal |pharyngitis? |What |is |its |gram |reaction
|and |cell |morphology? |- |correct |answer |-Steptococcus |pyogenes, |gram |positive |cocci
What |are |the |major |signs |and |symptoms |by |which |you |would |recognize |streptococcal |pharyngitis? |-
|correct |answer |-Sore |throat |(exudative |pharyngitis), |high |fever, |swollen |cervical |lymph |nodes
How |did |Dr. |John |Snow's |investigation |of |the |London |cholera |outbreak |contribute |to |the |field |of
|epidemiology? |- |correct |answer |-He |proved |that |cholera |was |spread |though |the |water |rather |than
|the |air. |He |also |traced |the |whole |epidemic |back |to |the |specific |pump/well |that |was |contaminated.
Define |endemic |- |correct |answer |-A |disease |that |is |constantly |present |in |a |population
Define |outbreak |- |correct |answer |-A |cluster |of |cases |in |a |short |time |period
Define |pandemic |- |correct |answer |-An |epidemic |over |a |wide |geographic |area |that |crosses
|international |boundaries |and |affects |a |large |number |of |people.
Define |epidemic |- |correct |answer |-An |unusually |large |number |of |cases |in |a |short |period |of |time.
Define |reportable |disease |- |correct |answer |-It |is |mandatory |that |providers |report |to |the |states.
|Each |state |has |their |own |laws |on |what |diseases |must |be |reported, |and |this |can |change |over |time.
Define |notifiable |disease |- |correct |answer |-These |are |voluntary |reports |to |the |CDC |for |nationwide
|aggregation |and |monitoring |of |the |disease.
What |is |the |reporting |chain |for |diseases? |- |correct |answer |-Providers |& |health |department |-> |State
|or |regional |public |health |-> |CDC
Define |contact |tracing |- |correct |answer |-The |process |of |identification |of |persons |("contacts") |who
|may |have |come |into |contact |with |an |infected |person |and |subsequent |collection |of |further
|information |about |these |contacts.
Define |index |patient |- |correct |answer |-"Patient |zero" |The |first |documented |patient |in |a |disease
|outbreak |within |a |population.
Define |super-spreader |- |correct |answer |-A |patient |(or |event) |that |may |transmit |the |infection |to |a
|larger |number |of |individuals |than |is |usual |for |one |individual |(or |event).
, Which |of |the |following |agencies |would |be |the |first |to |receive |information |about |a |reportable
|disease |in |the |U.S.?
WHO, |CDC, |FDA, |state |health |agency |- |correct |answer |-State |health |agency
An |individual |case |of |diptheria, |a |notifiable |infectious |disease, |in |a |patient |in |Florida |is |confirmed
|by |laboratory |testing. |This |patient's |state |agency |should...
a. |notify |the |WHO |in |Geneva, |Switzerland
b. |notify |the |CDC |in |Atlanta, |Georgia
c. |Treat |the |patient |regardless |of |health |insurance |status
d. |quarantine |the |patient |for |eight |weeks |- |correct |answer |-b. |notify |the |CDC |in |Atlanta, |Georgia
The |figure |shown |below |indicates |the |spread |of |a |highly |infectious |disease. |The |red |circle
|indicates... |- |correct |answer |-Index |case
What |do |the |red |people |in |the |figure |shown |below |indicating |the |spread |of |a |highly |infectious
|disease |indicate? |- |correct |answer |-Super |spreaders
What |is |one |of |the |most |important |defenses |found |throughout |the |majority |of |the |respiratory
|tract? |- |correct |answer |-Mucociliary |Escalator
Most |URTI |are |mild |and |self-limiting |(meaning |the |infection |will |go |away |without |specific |anti-
microbial |therapy) |The |bacterial |pathogens |that |can |cause |serious |upper |respiratory |tract |infections
|are... |(3) |- |correct |answer |-Streptococcus |pyogenes, |Streptococcus |pneumonia, |haemophillus
|influenzae, |and |Moraxella |catarrhalis
What |is |the |name |of |the |pathogen |that |causes |streptococcal |pharyngitis? |What |is |its |gram |reaction
|and |cell |morphology? |- |correct |answer |-Steptococcus |pyogenes, |gram |positive |cocci
What |are |the |major |signs |and |symptoms |by |which |you |would |recognize |streptococcal |pharyngitis? |-
|correct |answer |-Sore |throat |(exudative |pharyngitis), |high |fever, |swollen |cervical |lymph |nodes
