CHM 2045 Final Exam with answers
Periodic Law - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔When the elements are arranged in order
of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical
properties
Paramagnetism - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Unpaired electrons; attracted to a
magnetic field
Diamagnetism - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔No unpaired electrons; repelled by a
magnetic field
Effective Nuclear Charge - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Zeff= Z (atomic number)-S
(core electrons)
Bonding Atomic Radius - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔One-half of the distance
between covalently bonded nuclei
Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Minimum energy needed to remove
an electron from an atom; endothermic
First Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy to remove an electron
from a neutral atom
Second Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy to move an electron
from a +1 ion
Electron Affinity - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy released when a neutral atom
gains an electron; exothermic
, Lattice Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔The energy required to completely
separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions
Coulomb's Law - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Eel=K(Q1Q2/d)
Crystal Lattice - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Maximizes the attractions between
cations and anions, leading to the most stable arrangement
Electronegativity - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Measure of the pull an atom has on
bonding electrons
Formal Charge - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔=Valence number - # bonds - # lone
electrons
Reaction Enthalpy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔=SUM[(energy of bonds broken) +
SUM(energy of bonds made)
VSPER - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Electron groups around the central atom will be
most stable when they are as far apart as possible
Linear Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Two electron groups around the
central atom; Bond angle of 180 degrees
Trigonal Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Three electron groups around the
central atom; 120 degree bond angle
Tetrahedral Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Four electron groups around the
central atom; 109.5 degree bond angle
Periodic Law - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔When the elements are arranged in order
of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical
properties
Paramagnetism - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Unpaired electrons; attracted to a
magnetic field
Diamagnetism - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔No unpaired electrons; repelled by a
magnetic field
Effective Nuclear Charge - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Zeff= Z (atomic number)-S
(core electrons)
Bonding Atomic Radius - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔One-half of the distance
between covalently bonded nuclei
Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Minimum energy needed to remove
an electron from an atom; endothermic
First Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy to remove an electron
from a neutral atom
Second Ionization Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy to move an electron
from a +1 ion
Electron Affinity - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Energy released when a neutral atom
gains an electron; exothermic
, Lattice Energy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔The energy required to completely
separate a mole of a solid ionic compound into its gaseous ions
Coulomb's Law - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Eel=K(Q1Q2/d)
Crystal Lattice - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Maximizes the attractions between
cations and anions, leading to the most stable arrangement
Electronegativity - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Measure of the pull an atom has on
bonding electrons
Formal Charge - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔=Valence number - # bonds - # lone
electrons
Reaction Enthalpy - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔=SUM[(energy of bonds broken) +
SUM(energy of bonds made)
VSPER - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Electron groups around the central atom will be
most stable when they are as far apart as possible
Linear Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Two electron groups around the
central atom; Bond angle of 180 degrees
Trigonal Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Three electron groups around the
central atom; 120 degree bond angle
Tetrahedral Geometry - **🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS🔰 ✔✔Four electron groups around the
central atom; 109.5 degree bond angle
