POLS 121 LATEST COMPLETE STUDY
SET WITH QUESTIONS AND SIMPLIFIED
ANSWERS THAT ARE CORRECT
unipolar power distribution - correct answer-there is one superpower/hegemony in the international
system
bipolar power distribution - correct answer-there are two poles of power in the international system
multipolar power distribution - correct answer-there are three or more poles of power in the
international system
neorealists argue that __________ is the most stable international condition - correct answer-bipolarity
the Thucydides trap - correct answer-when a rising power causes fear in an established power, which
escalates toward war
political fragmentation - correct answer-when a country's government is split into different institutions
running their own agenda, competing with each other
demagoguery - correct answer-a political activity or practices that seek support by appealing to the
desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument
right-wing populism - correct answer-a political ideology that opposes elitism and appeals to "the
people" that also values anti-environmentalism, strong nationalism, anti-globalization, nativism (anti-
immigration), and protectionism (limitation of imports)
Joseph Nye's argument regarding the liberal order - correct answer-China's threat to the liberal order is
exaggerated, and instead the root cause is right-wing populism, political fragmentation, and
demagoguery
John Ikenberry's argument regarding the liberal order - correct answer-criticizes Trump's foreign policy
because challenging the liberal order is dangerous and warns that if the US withdraws from the order,
previous agreements will suffer
______ nuclear weapons exist today - correct answer-14,485
Russia has ____ total nuclear weapons - correct answer-8,850
the US has ____ total nuclear weapons - correct answer-6,450
the Manhattan project - correct answer-was a US research and development project during WWII that
ultimately produced the first nuclear weapons
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - correct answer-was created in 1957 and is an international
organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any
military purpose, including nuclear weapons
, Nonproliteration Treaty (NPT) - correct answer-signatories pledged not to acquire nuclear weapons,
while nuclear states agreed not to share the technology and to embrace the long-term goal of
disarmament
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) - correct answer-signed by Reagan and Gorbachev that
meant the Soviets agreed to eliminate thousands intermediate range nuclear missiles (within ranges of
310-3,420 miles)
these countries did NOT sign the NPT - correct answer-India, Pakistan, and Israel
this country signed the NPT then unsigned it in 2003 - correct answer-North Korea
this country breached its NPT terms - correct answer-Iran
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) - correct answer-a deal between Iran and the US (under the
Obama admin) that restricted Iran's nuclear activities and permitted international inspections of its
nuclear activities in exchange for lifting economic sanctions; Trump pulled out of this deal in 2018
the legal criterion for a state - correct answer-a stable population, a government, and international
recognition
the concept of a nation - correct answer-a group of people who share common characteristics and feel
they belong together
common characteristics felt by members of a nation - correct answer-history of the nation, culture,
language, religion/myths, expectations for the future
nationalism - correct answer-an individual's identification with and devotion to their nation, STRONG
emotional appeal, typically includes a nation's desire to be self-governing (is excessive patriotism)
nations without states - correct answer-instances in which the members of a nation lack political
sovereignty over the area they claim as their own; multinational states may exist that are made up of
people with different cultures/histories within a state
examples of nations without a state - correct answer-Catalonia, Kurds, Tibet, Palestine, nations within
Ethiopia (Sidama)
definition of power - correct answer-"the ability to influence others, and also to 'control outcomes so as
to produce results that would not have occurred naturally'"
hard power - correct answer-tangible power including "natural resources, geography, and population, as
well as its tangible source of power, such as military power, economic power (which can be turned into
military power), and its infrastructure"
soft power - correct answer-intangible power including "national image, quality of
government/leadership, public support, diplomatic skills, cultural influence, morale, and the power of
ideas and language" ; "Nye defined soft power as 'the ability to get what you want through attraction,
rather than coercion or payments'"
diplomacy - correct answer-direct, government-to-government contact between 2+ states, or can involve
state representatives going to the UN
SET WITH QUESTIONS AND SIMPLIFIED
ANSWERS THAT ARE CORRECT
unipolar power distribution - correct answer-there is one superpower/hegemony in the international
system
bipolar power distribution - correct answer-there are two poles of power in the international system
multipolar power distribution - correct answer-there are three or more poles of power in the
international system
neorealists argue that __________ is the most stable international condition - correct answer-bipolarity
the Thucydides trap - correct answer-when a rising power causes fear in an established power, which
escalates toward war
political fragmentation - correct answer-when a country's government is split into different institutions
running their own agenda, competing with each other
demagoguery - correct answer-a political activity or practices that seek support by appealing to the
desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument
right-wing populism - correct answer-a political ideology that opposes elitism and appeals to "the
people" that also values anti-environmentalism, strong nationalism, anti-globalization, nativism (anti-
immigration), and protectionism (limitation of imports)
Joseph Nye's argument regarding the liberal order - correct answer-China's threat to the liberal order is
exaggerated, and instead the root cause is right-wing populism, political fragmentation, and
demagoguery
John Ikenberry's argument regarding the liberal order - correct answer-criticizes Trump's foreign policy
because challenging the liberal order is dangerous and warns that if the US withdraws from the order,
previous agreements will suffer
______ nuclear weapons exist today - correct answer-14,485
Russia has ____ total nuclear weapons - correct answer-8,850
the US has ____ total nuclear weapons - correct answer-6,450
the Manhattan project - correct answer-was a US research and development project during WWII that
ultimately produced the first nuclear weapons
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - correct answer-was created in 1957 and is an international
organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any
military purpose, including nuclear weapons
, Nonproliteration Treaty (NPT) - correct answer-signatories pledged not to acquire nuclear weapons,
while nuclear states agreed not to share the technology and to embrace the long-term goal of
disarmament
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) - correct answer-signed by Reagan and Gorbachev that
meant the Soviets agreed to eliminate thousands intermediate range nuclear missiles (within ranges of
310-3,420 miles)
these countries did NOT sign the NPT - correct answer-India, Pakistan, and Israel
this country signed the NPT then unsigned it in 2003 - correct answer-North Korea
this country breached its NPT terms - correct answer-Iran
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) - correct answer-a deal between Iran and the US (under the
Obama admin) that restricted Iran's nuclear activities and permitted international inspections of its
nuclear activities in exchange for lifting economic sanctions; Trump pulled out of this deal in 2018
the legal criterion for a state - correct answer-a stable population, a government, and international
recognition
the concept of a nation - correct answer-a group of people who share common characteristics and feel
they belong together
common characteristics felt by members of a nation - correct answer-history of the nation, culture,
language, religion/myths, expectations for the future
nationalism - correct answer-an individual's identification with and devotion to their nation, STRONG
emotional appeal, typically includes a nation's desire to be self-governing (is excessive patriotism)
nations without states - correct answer-instances in which the members of a nation lack political
sovereignty over the area they claim as their own; multinational states may exist that are made up of
people with different cultures/histories within a state
examples of nations without a state - correct answer-Catalonia, Kurds, Tibet, Palestine, nations within
Ethiopia (Sidama)
definition of power - correct answer-"the ability to influence others, and also to 'control outcomes so as
to produce results that would not have occurred naturally'"
hard power - correct answer-tangible power including "natural resources, geography, and population, as
well as its tangible source of power, such as military power, economic power (which can be turned into
military power), and its infrastructure"
soft power - correct answer-intangible power including "national image, quality of
government/leadership, public support, diplomatic skills, cultural influence, morale, and the power of
ideas and language" ; "Nye defined soft power as 'the ability to get what you want through attraction,
rather than coercion or payments'"
diplomacy - correct answer-direct, government-to-government contact between 2+ states, or can involve
state representatives going to the UN
