CRIMINAL POLICY /CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES SAMENVATTING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CRIMINAL POLICY /CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES
SAMENVATTING EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


QUESTION: Classical School - ANSWER-18th-century theory emphasizing free will and deterrence.




QUESTION: Cesare Beccaria - ANSWER-Pioneer of Classical School advocating proportional punishments.




QUESTION: Jeremy Bentham - ANSWER-Philosopher supporting utilitarianism and rational choice in
crime.




QUESTION: Positivist School - ANSWER-Focus on biological, psychological, and social crime factors.




QUESTION: Cesare Lombroso - ANSWER-Proposed criminals have distinct physical and biological traits.




QUESTION: Statistical School - ANSWER-19th-century analysis of crime patterns using statistics.




QUESTION: Adolphe Quetelet - ANSWER-Used statistics to study social conditions affecting crime.




QUESTION: Personality Traits - ANSWER-Traits like aggression may predispose individuals to crime.

, QUESTION: Mental Health and Crime - ANSWER-Examines disorders influencing criminal behavior.




QUESTION: Cognitive Theories - ANSWER-Focus on maladaptive thinking patterns contributing to
deviance.




QUESTION: Lawrence Kohlberg - ANSWER-Developed stages of moral development affecting ethical
decisions.




QUESTION: Merton's Strain Theory - ANSWER-Explains crime due to societal goals vs. means.




QUESTION: Conformity - ANSWER-Adhering to societal norms without deviance.




QUESTION: Innovation - ANSWER-Using illegitimate means to achieve societal goals.




QUESTION: Ritualism - ANSWER-Abandoning goals while adhering to societal norms.




QUESTION: Retreatism - ANSWER-Rejecting both societal goals and norms.




QUESTION: Rebellion - ANSWER-Creating new goals and means against societal norms.