FINAL CCHT exam questions and answers with solutions 2025

Abscess - ANSWER An abscess is an infection under the skin. It looks lika blister or pimple filled with fluid or pus. If needles are inserted into or near an abscess, infection of a dialysis access or other tissues may occur. Access - ANSWER An access -vascular access- is a route into the bloodstream that allows enough blood flow for hemodialysis. For permanent access, a surgeon connects a vein to an artery. This can be done directly - fistula- or with a piece of synthetic tubing - graft. For short term access, a catheter may be placed in a large central vein. - ANSWER Acid - ANSWER An acid is substance with a pH below 7.0 that can donate a hydrogen ion -H+. In the human body, acids form when protein and other foods are broken down by cell metabolism. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS - ANSWER Acute Kidney Failure - ANSWER Acute kidney failure has a sudden onset. It is most often caused by an illness, injury, or toxin that stresses the kidneys. Some patients who survive acute kidney failure can recover kidney function. Others die or go on to develop chronic kidney failure. Alum - ANSWER Alum is an aluminum compound. It is often added to city water supplies to remove sediment and make the water clearer. Aluminum can build up in the bodies and brains of dialysis patients. Aluminum in dialysis water must be kept at low levels with water treatment. - ANSWER Aluminum-Related Bone Disease - ARBD - ANSWER ARBD is cause by long-term exposure to aluminum. Aluminum builds up in the tissues at the point where new bone forms and be seen on X-ray. Sources of aluminum include dialysis water, medications, and cookware. Phosphate binders with aluminum are also a source, but these are rarely used today. Symptoms of ARBD can include deep bone pain, muscle weakness, and fractures. - ANSWER