NCSF Unit 3 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers

NCSF Unit 3 Exam Questions with All Correct Answers Define acute peripheral fatigue - Answer-cells experience dysfunction due to acidity which limits enzyme activity, requiring buffering compounds and a rest period before work can be re-initiated Define General peripheral fatigue - Answer-occurs with a lack of energy in working tissues due to low pre-exercise stores or localized depletion of anaerobic stores from activity; acute rest intervals will not help, a recovery period is needed Define Central fatigue - Answer-occurs with systemic depletion of CHOs, resulting in reduced motor unit recruitment and firing rate; reflects a conscious and subconscious decision to reduce the intensity of exercise until energy replenishment and/or recovery have provided fuel for the re-initiation of work (hitting the wall - additional exercise is futile) What is found in red blood cells and functions to transport oxygen to all tissues? - Answer-Hemoglobin what functions to transport oxygenated blood away from the heart to bodily tissues? - Answer-Arteries Which of the following is incorrect concerning cardiac output (CO)? a. CO is dictated by heart rate and systolic blood pressure b. CO is affected by heart size c. CO is increased with improvements in aerobic fitness d. A higher CO allows for reduced resting and submaximal heart rates - Answer-a. CO is dictated by heart rate and systolic blood pressure Which of the following statements concerning blood pressure (BP) is correct? a. BP is a measure of force exerted by circulating blood against arterial walls b. BP is dictated via cardiac output and total peripheral resistance c. BP can be influenced by obesity and nutrition d. All of the above are correct - Answer-d. All of the above are correct Which of the following is an estimate of oxygen demands placed upon the heart as well as risk for cardiovascular disease? - Answer-c. Rate pressure product True or False? Arterial pooling can be thwarted after an intense bout of exercise by performing an appropriate cool down protocol. - Answer-False True or False? Capillaries have the thinnest walls to allow for oxygen and nutrient exchange into tissues as well as waste product removal. - Answer-True True or False? Ventilation rate increases rapidly after a person crosses their FatMax threshold. - Answer-False The ______________ maneuver is contraindicated among clients with hypertension. - Answer-Valsalva The _________________ is specialized to allow for continuous contractions and neural impulses across the lifespan via an enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium delivery system. - Answer-Myocardium Aerobic training adaptations include an increase in __________ and __________ densities for enhanced oxygen extraction. - Answer-Mitochondrial, capillary Briefly describe the steps involved in oxygen delivery to muscles. - Answer-Oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart via large arteries, Blood travels from arteries to arterioles to capillaries in muscle tissue, Within muscles the thin walls of capillaries allow for O2, nutrient, and waste product transport, Deoxygenated blood with waste products travels to venules and then veins to return to the heart for re-oxygenation Define the two elements that comprise one's relative and absolute VO2 (or VO2max). a) Cardiac output, b) (a-v) O2 difference - Answer-a)amount of blood pumped from the heart to the body per minute; calculated via heart rate x stroke volume b)difference in oxygen saturation when comparing the arteries and veins; indicates the level of oxygen uptake efficiency of working muscles and other tissues Identify at least three roles of blood circulation throughout the body. - Answer-Nutrient, hormone, enzyme, and oxygen transport, CO2 and waste removal, Temperature, fluid, pH, and electrolyte balance, Coagulation to prevent excess fluid loss from open injuries What directs functions such as hunger, thirst, temperature regulation and sleep? - Answer-Hypothalamus The __________ secretes digestive enzymes and also produces hormones for blood glucose management. - Answer-Pancreas What is released from the liver and considered to be a primary signaling hormone for the promotion of muscle hypertrophy? - Answer-Insulin-like growth factor-1 What has the greatest impact on one's rate of metabolism? - Answer-Thyroid gland True or False? Cortisol levels are reduced with regular bouts of long-duration endurance training. - Answer-False True or False? Males and females produce estrogen for the promotion and maintenance of bone tissue. - Answer-True _________________functions to help regulate blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown in the liver. - Answer-Glucagon _________________is suppressed during high-intensity aerobic activity but increased with resistance training. - Answer-Testosterone Identify the primary functions for each of the following adrenal hormones. - Answer-Cortisol: regulates numerous metabolic/cardiovascular functions and helps manage blood pressure; it is released in response to exercise stress and low blood glucose concentrations to liberate energy Epinephrine: increases blood circulation, ventilation and carbohydrate metabolism to prepare muscles for exertion in response to a perceived stress (a.k.a. adrenaline) Identify at least two physiological impacts of eustress caused by hormonal responses. - Answer-improved neural efficiency, vascular function, oxygen extraction, cardiac function, musculoskeletal function Identify at least two physiological impacts of distress caused by hormonal responses. - Answer-increased platelet adhesion, cortisol production, blood LDL and triglyceride levels and susceptibility to low-grade inflammation, loss of the protein-sparing mechanism Identify at least five organs or glands included in the endocrine system. - Answer-Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, placenta (during pregnancy) Delayed-onset muscle soreness is common among new exercisers who perform resistance training and is often experienced _________. - Answer-within 48 hours following exercise