MCAT Behavioral Science Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version

MCAT Behavioral Science Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version if a firefighter holds his hand near a hot door handle, which is responsible for transmitting that information? - Answers afferent neurons which of the following structures of the limbic system is responsible for creating long-term memories? - Answers hippocampus an owner sprays her dog with a water bottle every time the dog tries to jump up on her couch. the dog eventually learns not to jump on the furniture. in terms of operant conditioning, this is an example of... - Answers positive punishment (positive means adding something) (punishment mean reducing a behavior) positive reinforcement - Answers adding something to increase a behavior negative reinforcement - Answers taking something away to increase a behavior positive punishment - Answers adding something to decrease a behavior negative punishment - Answers taking something away to decrease a behavior declarative memory - Answers explicit memory semantic memory - Answers the memory associated with conscious recall includes facts and concepts type of explicit memory procedural memory - Answers type of explicit memory episodic memory - Answers is unconscious and necessary for skills involving muscle memory such as riding a bicycle or throwing a ball Schachter-Singer theory of emotion - Answers physiological arousal + cognitive appraisal--> emotion Lawrence Kohlberg - Answers was responsible for introducing a theory of personality development that focused on moral reasoning believe that individuals progress through six stages of moral development, which each stage signifying more developed and advanced arguments/reasoning of moral dilemmas psychoanalytic perspective - Answers views personality as a product of an individuals unconscious urges and desires characteristics of alzheimer's disease - Answers diffuse cerebral atrophy senile plaques reduced levels of Acetylcholine decreased dopamine levels in the basal ganglia is associated with... - Answers Parkinson's Disease biopsychosocial model - Answers takes into account everything that may affect a patients illness and treatment, going beyond the illness itself groupthink - Answers occurs when individuals in a group ignore outside ideas and thoughts and focus only on member ideas group polarization - Answers refers to the phenomenon whereby groups tend to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of the members social capital - Answers refers to the social networks individuals have in their community, which confers certain advantages power - Answers the ability to influence people through real rewards and punishments socioeconomic status - Answers is an indicator of wealth or position in a society ascribed status - Answers refers to a position in a society based on characteristics beyond the individuals direct control; such as race, gender, ethnicity, and family background actions preformed by the parasympathetic nervous system - Answers decrease heart rate stimulation of bile secretion bladder contration order in which visual information reaches the cerebral cortex - Answers retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic radiations, occipital lobe top-down processing - Answers uses past experience and memories to quickly identify an object allows for the quick recognition of an object without analysis of the details of the object neuroplasticity - Answers ability of the brain to recognize and adapt due to changes or injury drive reduction theory - Answers states that individuals experience internal tension that motivates them to take action to reduce the tension all behavior is internally motivated internal locus of control - Answers view themselves as having significant, direct control over their lives external locus of control - Answers believe that events in their life result from external forces beyond their control social anxiety disorder - Answers anxiety that manifests mostly in social situations Yerkes-Doson law of social facilitation - Answers states that simpler tasks are performed better with higher amounts of arousal and peak performance on complex task is predicted with moderate arousal attachment - Answers emotional tie with another person cultural barrier - Answers social differences that is impacted the interaction between the two ritual - Answers refers to a formal ceremony preformed with a culture conflict theory - Answers emphasizes the importance of power and inequality within society nonmaleficence - Answers an ethical tenet of american medicine but reflects to the responsibility of healthcare worker to avoid treatments that pose a bigger risk to the patient than benefit upward mobility - Answers refers to any positive change in a person status (economic or positional) meritocracy - Answers refers to a change in social status specifically to change based on the individuals unique talents and achievements strong ties - Answers refers to an individuals peer group and kinship contacts ascribed status - Answers refers to a position in a society based on characteristics beyond the individuals direct control; such as race, gender, ethnicity, and family background does not involve mobility placebo effect - Answers occurs when a patient things they are receiving a treatment and improves even though they are actually receiving a control double blind experiment - Answers when neigh the patient nor the care provider know if the patient is in the control group or the experimental group -help control for the placebo effect Hill's criteria for causality are: - Answers temporality, strength, dose-response, consistency, plausibility, consideration of alternate explanations, experiment, specificity, and coherence accuracy - Answers is the ability to measure a true value precision - Answers the ability to measure constantly over many trials mode - Answers most frequent number that occurs cognitive dissonance - Answers occurs when the outcome and expectations do not align feelings are enhanced when the decisions are important, voluntary, and irrevocable choice shift - Answers occurs when individuals in a group come to a more extreme decision than the individuals would on their own assimilation - Answers refers to the process of an individual becoming part of a different society peer pressure - Answers an individuals behavior changing as the result of a group's influence symbolic interactionism - Answers explain how human beings perceive the world reality is defined in a social context human beings do actively contribute to their perception of their surroundings social constructionism - Answers theory of knowledge which attempts to explain how the perception of human beings is largely affected by social experiences human beings develop cultural, institutional, and behavioral practices which attribute meaning and value to a concept or principle pathway of sound waves into the ear - Answers pinna, tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea Weber's Law - Answers state that the jnd for a stimulus is proportional to the size of the stimulus extrinsic motivation - Answers based on external and tangible factors including receiving rewards, avoiding punishments, and incentivizing competition retrospective cohort study - Answers the research takes data that has been already collected, reanalyzes the data and comes to a conclusion cross-sectional studies - Answers look at data at a point in time such as the one-time survey. case-controlled study - Answers take groups and follow them through time prospective cohort study - Answers takes groups and follow them through time game theory - Answers can cover a variety of topics usually regarding decision making that affects potential outcome for multiple parties or behavior regarding consumption of limited