Quantitative Reasoning Exam Questions and
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Example questions
1. What is the definition of simple induction in reasoning?
An argument that draws conclusions about specific cases from generalizations.
An argument that infers shared properties between similar entities.
An argument that extends findings from specific instances to broader claims.
An argument that forecasts future events based on past experiences.
Correct answer
An argument that extends findings from specific instances to broader claims.
Explanation
Simple induction involves reasoning from particular instances to form general conclusions.
2. An argument from analogy involves noting the shared properties of two or more things, and inferring
that they also share some further property. Example: Guns kill people, cars kill people, so we should ban
cars as well as guns.
Explanation
This example showcases an argument from analogy, where shared characteristics (both guns
and cars can kill people) are used to draw a further inference (both should be banned).
However, the quality of analogies depends on the relevance and strength of the shared
properties.
3. What is the definition of generalization in the context of reasoning?
An argument that predicts future events based on past experiences
An argument that draws conclusions about specific cases from generalizations
An argument that proceeds from a specific case or sample to a universal claim
An argument that establishes causal relationships based on observations
Correct answer
An argument that proceeds from a specific case or sample to a universal claim.
Explanation
Generalization uses observations from specific instances to assert a universal principle or claim.
4. What is the definition of prediction in the context of reasoning?