RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
CONDUCTING ZONE
Anatomy Study Guide:
Topic Objectives
1. Understand the levels of respiration and anatomical divisions of the
respiratory system.
2. Identify the functions and components of the conducting zone and the
conducting airways.
3. Differentiate between olfactory and respiratory epithelia.
4. Describe structural features of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
5. Comprehend mucociliary clearance and cell types in the respiratory
epithelium.
Respiration Overview
Question: Define respiration and give its levels in the human body.
Definition:
Respiration: Series of exchanges for oxygen (O₂) uptake by cells and
carbon dioxide (CO₂) release into the atmosphere.
Levels of Respiration:
Level Description
Ventilation Exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli.
Gaseous O₂/CO₂ exchange between lungs and blood (pulmonary
Exchange circulation).
Internal O₂/CO₂ exchange between blood and tissues (systemic
Respiration circulation).
, Functions of the Respiratory System
Question: Explain how the respiratory system contributes to acid-base
balance during acidosis, and list other significant functions beyond gaseous
exchange.
Function Description
Gaseous
Exchange of O₂ and CO₂.
Exchange
Acid-Base Regulates blood pH via breathing (e.g., faster breathing
Balance removes CO₂ during acidosis).
Phonation Sound production via the larynx.
Olfaction Smell perception through the olfactory epithelium.
Effort & Holds breath to increase intra-abdominal pressure for
Evacuation defecation or childbirth.
Endocrine Alveolar capillaries produce angiotensin-converting enzyme
Function (ACE), regulating blood pressure.
Venous Return Facilitated by low chest wall pressure.
Immune Includes mucus, hairs, tonsils, and macrophages to trap or
Defense eliminate pathogens.
Respiratory System Divisions
Question: Compare the functions of the conducting and respiratory zones,
and provide examples of components in each.
Anatomical Division:
Upper: Nose, pharynx (above larynx).
Lower: Larynx and structures below.
Functional Division:
Zone Description
Conducting Conducts air to alveoli (no gas
Zone exchange).
Respiratory Sites of gas exchange.
CONDUCTING ZONE
Anatomy Study Guide:
Topic Objectives
1. Understand the levels of respiration and anatomical divisions of the
respiratory system.
2. Identify the functions and components of the conducting zone and the
conducting airways.
3. Differentiate between olfactory and respiratory epithelia.
4. Describe structural features of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
5. Comprehend mucociliary clearance and cell types in the respiratory
epithelium.
Respiration Overview
Question: Define respiration and give its levels in the human body.
Definition:
Respiration: Series of exchanges for oxygen (O₂) uptake by cells and
carbon dioxide (CO₂) release into the atmosphere.
Levels of Respiration:
Level Description
Ventilation Exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli.
Gaseous O₂/CO₂ exchange between lungs and blood (pulmonary
Exchange circulation).
Internal O₂/CO₂ exchange between blood and tissues (systemic
Respiration circulation).
, Functions of the Respiratory System
Question: Explain how the respiratory system contributes to acid-base
balance during acidosis, and list other significant functions beyond gaseous
exchange.
Function Description
Gaseous
Exchange of O₂ and CO₂.
Exchange
Acid-Base Regulates blood pH via breathing (e.g., faster breathing
Balance removes CO₂ during acidosis).
Phonation Sound production via the larynx.
Olfaction Smell perception through the olfactory epithelium.
Effort & Holds breath to increase intra-abdominal pressure for
Evacuation defecation or childbirth.
Endocrine Alveolar capillaries produce angiotensin-converting enzyme
Function (ACE), regulating blood pressure.
Venous Return Facilitated by low chest wall pressure.
Immune Includes mucus, hairs, tonsils, and macrophages to trap or
Defense eliminate pathogens.
Respiratory System Divisions
Question: Compare the functions of the conducting and respiratory zones,
and provide examples of components in each.
Anatomical Division:
Upper: Nose, pharynx (above larynx).
Lower: Larynx and structures below.
Functional Division:
Zone Description
Conducting Conducts air to alveoli (no gas
Zone exchange).
Respiratory Sites of gas exchange.
