ATSC 231 Block 3 Objectives (Turbulence)
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What are the three hazards resulting from turbulence? - CORRECT ANSWER - Loss of
Control, Airframe Damage, Passenger Comfort/Safety
What type of operation does turbulence produce the greatest frequency of accidents? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Part 121
What is the average annual number of injuries caused by turbulence? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 58
Aviation definition of turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular motion of an aircraft
in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up-and-down motion, caused by a rapid
variations of atmospheric wind velocities
Meteorological definition of turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular fluctuations
occurring in fluid motions
What are the factors that determine the transition from laminar to turbulent flow - CORRECT
ANSWER - Primarily Wind speed and surface roughness, but also density, stability,
viscosity, and other factors
What are two types of turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWER - Waves, Eddies/Vortices
What are the characteristics of waves? - CORRECT ANSWER - Regular oscillation of
wind, you might not even feel turbulence if in a wave
What are the characteristics of eddies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vortices embedded in the
mean wind flow. Eddies are what cause gusts
, What scale does turbulence the effect aircraft occur on? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Microscale
What factors affect lift? - CORRECT ANSWER - Coefficient of Lift, Air density, air
speed, wing area
How does the coefficient of lift changes with angle of attack - CORRECT ANSWER -
Increases linearly with increasing AOA until stall
What is load factor? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ratio of the total air load acting on an
aircraft to the gross weight of the aircraft
What factors affect load factor in turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Gusts, Airspeed,
Wing Loading
How do vertical gusts affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Change in AOA and
change of relative wind. Change in lift, change in load factor. Aircraft may stall or exceed a
limitation
How does airspeed affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Determines additional lift
created by gust, slower is better. Maneuvering speed
What is wing loading - CORRECT ANSWER - Ratio of weight of aircraft to wing surface
area
How does wing loading affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Gust load factor
inversely proportional to wing loading, smooth ride with high wing loading
UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What are the three hazards resulting from turbulence? - CORRECT ANSWER - Loss of
Control, Airframe Damage, Passenger Comfort/Safety
What type of operation does turbulence produce the greatest frequency of accidents? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Part 121
What is the average annual number of injuries caused by turbulence? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 58
Aviation definition of turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular motion of an aircraft
in flight, especially when characterized by rapid up-and-down motion, caused by a rapid
variations of atmospheric wind velocities
Meteorological definition of turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Irregular fluctuations
occurring in fluid motions
What are the factors that determine the transition from laminar to turbulent flow - CORRECT
ANSWER - Primarily Wind speed and surface roughness, but also density, stability,
viscosity, and other factors
What are two types of turbulent flow - CORRECT ANSWER - Waves, Eddies/Vortices
What are the characteristics of waves? - CORRECT ANSWER - Regular oscillation of
wind, you might not even feel turbulence if in a wave
What are the characteristics of eddies? - CORRECT ANSWER - Vortices embedded in the
mean wind flow. Eddies are what cause gusts
, What scale does turbulence the effect aircraft occur on? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Microscale
What factors affect lift? - CORRECT ANSWER - Coefficient of Lift, Air density, air
speed, wing area
How does the coefficient of lift changes with angle of attack - CORRECT ANSWER -
Increases linearly with increasing AOA until stall
What is load factor? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ratio of the total air load acting on an
aircraft to the gross weight of the aircraft
What factors affect load factor in turbulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Gusts, Airspeed,
Wing Loading
How do vertical gusts affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Change in AOA and
change of relative wind. Change in lift, change in load factor. Aircraft may stall or exceed a
limitation
How does airspeed affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Determines additional lift
created by gust, slower is better. Maneuvering speed
What is wing loading - CORRECT ANSWER - Ratio of weight of aircraft to wing surface
area
How does wing loading affect load factor - CORRECT ANSWER - Gust load factor
inversely proportional to wing loading, smooth ride with high wing loading
