Questions and Verified Answers 100%
1. C. Wright Mills: coined the term sociological imagination
2. sociological imagination: the vivid awareness of the relationship between per- sonal
experience and the wider society
3. Sociology: systematic study of social life and human society. The sociological
perspective looks for the "general in the particular
4. Émile Durkheim: one of the first sociologists to specify what exactly is "social" about
our individual actions and decisions
5. Social Facts (Durkheim): "types of behavior and thinking external to the individ- ual" which
have "a compelling and coercive power"
6. Auguste Comte: Father of sociology, positivism
7. Harriet Martineau: sociologist who study and promoted feminist issues
8. Karl Marx: Conflict is the driving force behind social change
materialist conception of history
criticized capitalism father
of communism
9. Herbert Spencer: did not necessarily want to improve society; he only wanted to
understand it
social Darwinism - natural selection
10. Mechanical Solidarity (Durkheim): connections based on the similarity of be- liefs and
values
11. Organic Solidarity (Durkheim): social bonds among people in modern cities who
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, specialize in different jobs but who rely on each other
12. functionalism: recognition that different aspects of society work together to form a
complex whole
13. Positivism: the application of the scientific method to the social world
14. Suicide study: males, protestants, and unmarried are more likely to commit suicide,
social factors underlie suicide; people with weaker ties; more likely to commit
15. Harriet Martineau: Brought sociology to England and furthered it by focusing on issues in
the domestic sphere
16. Jane Addams: promoted sympathetic knowledge (knowledge that comes from
identifying with others)
Founded Hull House with Ellen G. Starr; a center to help immigrants in Chicago
17. Karl Marx: Conflict theory: groups competing for scarce resources. Society is made up
of two social classes: capitalists and exploited workers
18. Max Weber: A key figure who studied modernization in society; the movement from
traditional to capitalist societies
19. Herbert Spencer: Darwin's theory of social evolution to society fittest
members produce a more advanced society
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