Exam with Questions and Correct Answers
1. Descriptive: Past data only; Not predicting or optimizing
2. Predictive: Past to predict the future; Predicting, no optimizing
3. Prescriptive: Past to predict the future and optimizing
4. Omission: Missing information
5. Out of Range: Doesn't match the data or not true
6. Reliable: Constant and repeatable. A measure of the instrument
7. Valid: Measures what is intended to be measured
8. Measurement bias: Includes representative sample, random, large enough sam-
ple
9. Information bias: Ignore the purpose of the information collection; not truthful
answers
10. Big Data: Both structure and unstructured; to large to process using traditional
database and software techniques
11. Data mining: Process of discovering pattern in large data sets
12. Why collect big data?: Used to encourage buying behavior
13. Analytics: the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, ex-
planatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions
and and add value
14. Variable: An expression that can be assigned to data
15. Continuous data: Data that can lay along any point in a range of data (age 22.6old)
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, 16. Discrete data: Whole values only and clear boundaries
17. Nominal data: Categorical data used to label subjects in a study; discrete (male
female)
18. Ordinal data: Allows you to place objects on some in some kind of order
according to some quality; discrete (black belts 3rd degree higher than 1st degree)
19. Interval data: has order; all objects are equal interval apart; no natural zero point
and zero does not represent the absence of the property measured; Continuous
(time, date, temperature)
20. Ratio data: Has a unique zero point - numbers can be compared as multiplesof
one another, continuous (income, stock, repeat customers)
21. Observational studies: used when impractical and impossible to control the
conditions of the study
22. Prospective cohort study: Observe people going forward in time from the timeof
their entry into the study
23. Experimental studies: All variable measurements and manipulations are under
researcher's control.
24. Experimental studies: Experimental units: Subjects or objects under obser-
vations
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