EXSC 223 Exam 1 Questions and
Answer 100% Solved | Graded A+
Principle of Complementarity - ✔✔form determines function
anatomy determines the physiology that can take place
Physiology uses Gradients - ✔✔body takes advantage of gradients
can be natural or at expenditure of energy
Regulate protein functions by regulating its shape - ✔✔tagging
(phosphorylation) changes shape -> function
can be subtle or drastic
Negative feedback regulation is essential to homeostasis - ✔✔homeostasis
:normal/baseline/reference point
negative feedback loops allow us to restore homeostasis
What are the three principles of the cell theory? - ✔✔1) Cell is the basic
structure & functional unit of living organisms
2) Principal of complementary -> specific suocelular structures dictate
biochemical activities -> organelles in cells show functions of cells
3) continuity of life has similar basis -> meiosis & mitosis
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Three structural/functional relationships of eukaryotic cells - ✔✔nucleus
(except red blood cells)
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cytosol - ✔✔intracellular fluid
cytoskeletal elements - ✔✔microtubule
intermediate filaments
centrioles - ✔✔where microtubules come from
direct formation of mitotic spinal
chromatin - ✔✔DNA in loosely organized state
ribosomes - ✔✔read mRNA and convert to protein
can be free or bound
lysosomes - ✔✔break things down w/ digestive enzymes
peroxisome - ✔✔contain hdroperoxide -> kill cells
What do cells do all day while you're working? - ✔✔segregate (separate
internal from external)
transport & digest ( membrane trafficking)
identify alien invaders ( distinguish self from non self)
internal support
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, hold hands (cell to cell adhesion)
communicate (between cells)
build/remodel/demolish
clone
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔fluid mosaic model ( flexible like vegetable oil)
phospholipid bilayer ( fat molecule w/ head and tail)
- polar head -> hydrophilic -> containes phosphate
- nonpolar tail -> hydrophobic - > containes fatty acids
SELF ASSEMBLING
cholestoral -> mixed between nonpolar tails - > stiffens membrane ->
decreases water solubility of membrane
made up of CH groups
ampipathic molecule
no charge
glycolipids -> exposed on extracellular side
selectively permiable
Plasma Membrane structure - ✔✔2 fatty acid chains with a phosphate
group and glycerol backbone
What is an amphipathic molecule? - ✔✔a molecule that can interface
between water and lipid
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Answer 100% Solved | Graded A+
Principle of Complementarity - ✔✔form determines function
anatomy determines the physiology that can take place
Physiology uses Gradients - ✔✔body takes advantage of gradients
can be natural or at expenditure of energy
Regulate protein functions by regulating its shape - ✔✔tagging
(phosphorylation) changes shape -> function
can be subtle or drastic
Negative feedback regulation is essential to homeostasis - ✔✔homeostasis
:normal/baseline/reference point
negative feedback loops allow us to restore homeostasis
What are the three principles of the cell theory? - ✔✔1) Cell is the basic
structure & functional unit of living organisms
2) Principal of complementary -> specific suocelular structures dictate
biochemical activities -> organelles in cells show functions of cells
3) continuity of life has similar basis -> meiosis & mitosis
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Three structural/functional relationships of eukaryotic cells - ✔✔nucleus
(except red blood cells)
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cytosol - ✔✔intracellular fluid
cytoskeletal elements - ✔✔microtubule
intermediate filaments
centrioles - ✔✔where microtubules come from
direct formation of mitotic spinal
chromatin - ✔✔DNA in loosely organized state
ribosomes - ✔✔read mRNA and convert to protein
can be free or bound
lysosomes - ✔✔break things down w/ digestive enzymes
peroxisome - ✔✔contain hdroperoxide -> kill cells
What do cells do all day while you're working? - ✔✔segregate (separate
internal from external)
transport & digest ( membrane trafficking)
identify alien invaders ( distinguish self from non self)
internal support
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, hold hands (cell to cell adhesion)
communicate (between cells)
build/remodel/demolish
clone
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔fluid mosaic model ( flexible like vegetable oil)
phospholipid bilayer ( fat molecule w/ head and tail)
- polar head -> hydrophilic -> containes phosphate
- nonpolar tail -> hydrophobic - > containes fatty acids
SELF ASSEMBLING
cholestoral -> mixed between nonpolar tails - > stiffens membrane ->
decreases water solubility of membrane
made up of CH groups
ampipathic molecule
no charge
glycolipids -> exposed on extracellular side
selectively permiable
Plasma Membrane structure - ✔✔2 fatty acid chains with a phosphate
group and glycerol backbone
What is an amphipathic molecule? - ✔✔a molecule that can interface
between water and lipid
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
