Test Bank For Medical Microbiology 8th Edition By Patrick R. Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller 9780323299565 Chapter 1-78 Complete Guide .2

Test Bank For Microbiology: The Human Experience 2nd
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Edition By John W Foster, Zarrintaj Aliabadi, Joan L Slon
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czewski
Whatciscthecconceptcofcspontaneouscgeneration?c-
cANSWERccclivingcorganismsccouldcdevelopcfromcnonlivingcorcdecomposingcmatter




Whocchallengedcthecconceptcofcspontaneouscgenerationcbycshowingcthatcmaggotsconcd
ecayingcmeatccamecfromcflies,cnotcfromcthecmeatcitself?c-cANSWERcccFrancescocRedi

Whocshowedcthatcmuttoncbrothcboiledcincflaskscandcthencsealedccouldcstillcdevelopcmicr
oorganisms,cwhichcsupportedcthectheorycofcspontaneouscgeneration?c-
cANSWERcccJohncNeedham




Whocshowedcthatcflaskscsealedcandcthencboiledchadcnocgrowthcofcmicroorganisms?c-
cANSWERcccLazzarocSpallanzani




Whocproposedcthatcairccarriedcgerms?c-cANSWERcccSpallanzani

Whocdisprovedcthectheorycofcspontaneouscgeneration?c-cANSWERcccLouiscPasteur

Whocdemonstratedcthatcdustccarriedcmicrobescandcprovedcevidencecforcthecexistenceco
fcheat-cresistantcformscofcbacteria?c-cANSWERcccJohncTyndall

Whocshowedcthatcacsilkwormcdiseasecwasccausedcbycacfungus?c-
cANSWERcccAgostinocBassi




WhocdemonstratedcthatcthecGreatcPotatocBlightcwasccausedcbycacwatercmold?c-
cANSWERcccM.cJ.cBerkely




Whocshowedcthatcthecpebrinecdiseasecofcsilkwormscwasccausedcbycacprotozoancparasit
e?c-cANSWERcccLouiscPasteur

Whocdevelopedcacsystemcofcsurgerycdesignedctocpreventcmicroorganismscfromcenterin
gcwounds?c-cANSWERcccJohncLister

Whoctransformedcthecpracticecofcsurgery?c-cANSWERcccJohncLister

WhocestablishedcthecrelationshipcbetweencBacilluscanthraciscandcanthrax?c-
cANSWERcccRobertcKoch




WhatcarecthecKochcPostulates?c-
cANSWERccc1.Thecmicroorganismscmustcbecpresentcinceveryccasecofcthecdiseasecbutcab

sentcfromchealthycindividualsc
2.Thecsuspectedcmicroorganismscmustcbecisolatedcandcgrowncincpurecculturec

,3.cThecsamecdiseasecmustcresultcwhencthecisolatedcmicroorganismciscinoculatedcintocac
healthychostc
4.cThecsamecmicroorganismcmustcbecisolatedcagaincfromcthecdiseasedchost

LimitationscofcKoch'scPostulatesc-cANSWERccc-
Somecorganismsccannotcbecgrowncincpurecculture
-Usingchumanscinccompletingcthecpostulatesciscunethical
-Molecularcandcgeneticcevidencecmaycreplace

WhatcvaccinationcdidcEdwardcJennercmake?c-cANSWERcccsmallpoxcvaccination

WhatcvaccinationscdidcPasteurcproduce?c-
cANSWERcccchickenccholera,crabiescandcanthrax




Whocinducedcformationcofcdippedctoxin-antitoxinscrabbitsc-
cANSWERcccEmilcvoncBehringcandcShibasaburocKitasato




Whocshowedcthatcthecsilkwormcdiseasecwasccausedcbycfungus?c-cANSWERcccBassi

WhocdemonstratedcthatcthecGreatcPotatocBlightcofcIrelandcwasccausedcbycacwatercmold
?c-cANSWERcccM.J.cBerkeley

Whocshowedcthatcthecperbrinecdiseasecofcsilkwormscwasccausedcbycacprotozoancparasi
te?c-cANSWERcccLouiscPasteur

Acsimplecmorphologycandclackcactruecmembrane-delimitedcnucleusc-
cANSWERcccprokaryotes




Whatciscacmorphologicallyccomplexcandchascacmembrane-enclosedcnucleus?c-
cANSWERcccEucaryotes




Whatcletctocthecdiscoverycofcvirusescascdiseaseccausingcagents?c-
cANSWERcccbacterialcfiltercthatcremovedcbacteriacandclargercmicrobesc(CharlescChamb

erland)

Thecfiveckingdomcclassificationcschemecisc-
cANSWERcccthecMoneracorcProcaryotae,cProtista,cFungi,cAnimalia,candcPlantae




Whatcarecribozymes?c-
cANSWERcccRNAcmoleculescthatcformcpeptidecbondscandcperformccellularcworkcandcrepl

ication

Thecthreecdomaincschemecisc-cANSWERcccBacteria,cArchaea,candcEucarya

Thecthreecdomaincschemeciscbasedcon?c-cANSWERcccaccomparaisoncofcribosomalcRNA

Thecearliestccellscmaychavecbeenc-cANSWERcccRNAcsurroundedcbycliposomes

Whatcarecthecthreecbacterialcmorphology?c-cANSWERccc-bacillusc(littlecrod)
-coccusc(graincorcberry)

,-spirillumc(coiledcorchelical)

Whatcarecthectypescofclightcmicroscopes?c-cANSWERccc-bright-fieldcmicroscope
-dark-fieldcmicroscope
-phase-contrastcmicroscope
-fluorescencecmicroscopes

Whatciscacmeasurecofchowcgreatlycacsubstancecslowscthecvelocitycofclight?c-
cANSWERcccRefractivecindex




Thecdirectioncandcmagnitudecofcbendingclightcincacmicroscopeciscdeterminedcbycthec___
__c-cANSWERcccrefractivecindexescofcthectwocmediacformingcthecinterface

Whichcmicroscopecproducescacdarkcimagecagainstcacbrightercbackground?c-
cANSWERcccthecbright-fieldcmicroscope




Whatciscthecproductcofcthecmagnificationscofcthecocularclenscandcthecobjectiveclens?c-
cANSWERcccthectotalcmagnification




Whatciscthectotalcmagnificationcofcthecbrightcfield,cdarkcfield,candcphase-
contrastcmicroscopes?c-cANSWERccc2000x

Whatciscthectotalcresolutioncofcthecbrightcfield,cdarkcfield,candcphaseccontrastcmicroscope
s?c-cANSWERccc0.2um

Whatciscthecpurposecofcthecbrightcfieldcmicroscope?c-
cANSWERcccforclivecandcpreservedcstainedcspecimens




Whatciscthecpurposecofcthecdarkcfieldcmicroscope?c-
cANSWERccctocobservecliving,cunstainedcpreparations




Whichcmicroscopescarecgoodcforcobservingclivingccells?c-cANSWERccc-
ThecDifferentialcInterferencecContrastcMicroscope
-Phase-contrastcmicroscope

Whichcmicroscopecenhancesctheccontrastcbetweencintracellularcstructureschavingcsligh
tcdifferencescincthecrefractivecindex?c-cANSWERcccphase-contrastcmicroscope

Whichcmicroscopecshowscacbrightcimagecofcthecobjectcresultingcfromcthecfluorescentclig
htcemittedcbycthecspecimen?c-cANSWERcccthecfluorescencecmicroscope

Thecfluorescencecmicroscopecexposescthecspecimenctocwhatctypescofclight?c-
cANSWERcccuv,cviolet,corcblue




Thecdistancecbetweenctheccentercofctheclenscandcfocalcpoint?c-cANSWERcccfocalclength

Thecshortercthecfocalcpoint,cthec______cthecmagnificationc-cANSWERcccgreater

Thecshortercthecwavelength,cthec______cthecresolutionc-cANSWERcccgreater

, Thecdistancecbetweencthecfrontcsurfacecofclenscandcsurfacecofccovercglassconcspecimen
c-cANSWERcccWorkingcdistance




Ascthecworkingcdistancecdecrease,cthecfieldcofcviewc_____c-cANSWERcccdecrease

Ascthecfieldcofcviewcdecrease,ctheclightcgetsc____c-cANSWERcccdimmer

Whatciscthecpurposecofcaddingcthecimmersioncoil?c-
cANSWERccctocobtaincmoreclightcbycprovidingcthecsamecrefractioncenergycascglass




Ascthecmagnificationcincreases,cwhatchappensctocthecfocalclength?c-
cANSWERcccitcdecrease




Whatciscthecchargecofcacbacteriaccellcsurface?c-cANSWERcccnegativeccharge

Whatciscthecchargecofcbasiccdyes?c-cANSWERcccpositiveccharge

Whatciscthecchargecofcacidcdyes?c-cANSWERcccnegativeccharge

Acthin,cuniformcfilmcofcbacterialcgrowthconcacglasscslidecincorderctocproceedcwithcfurthercs
tainingcforcmicroscopiccexaminationc-cANSWERcccsmear

Thecprocesscbycwhichcorganismcisckilledcandcfirmlycattachedctocmicroscopecslidec-
cANSWERcccfixation




Heatcfixationcvs.cChemicalcfixingc(notcthecprocedure)c-cANSWERccc-
heatcfixationcpreservescoverallcshapecbutcnotcinternalcstructures
-
chemicalcfixingcprotectscfineccellularcstructurecandcshapecofclarger,cmorecdelicatecorgani
sms

Whatcinformationcdoescdifferentialcstainingcprovide?c-
cANSWERcccdividescmicroorganismscintocgroupscbasedconctheircstainingcproperties




Whatciscthecmostcwidelycusedcdifferentialcstainingcprocedure?c-
cANSWERcccgramcstaining




Negativecstainingc-cANSWERcccthecbacteriaciscnotcstained;cthecbackgroundciscstained

Whatciscshadowingcincelectroncmicroscopy?c-
cANSWERccccoatingcspecimencwithcacthincfilmcof cheavycmetal




WhatciscthectotalcmagnificationcofcthecTransmissioncElectroncMicroscopecandcthecScann
ingcElectroncMicroscope?c-cANSWERccc1,000,000x

WhatciscthectotalcmagnificationcofcthecScanningcElectroncMicroscope?c-
cANSWERccc1,000,000x




Whichcmicroscopecusescelectronscreflectedcfromcthecsurfacecofcacspecimenctoccreateca
ncimage?c-cANSWERcccscanningcelectroncmicroscope