FRHD 3070 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the benefit to being an informed consumer? - Answer You are able to know the
difference between good and bad research
Producers create __________ knowledge - Answer New
What is social research? - Answer Systematically collecting data to produce knowledge
- a process in which people combine a set of principles, outlooks, and ideas
Explain the authority source and give an example. - Answer You believe what is
presented is true because an expert says it
- Dr. Phil
- Cathy Somers
- Tom Cruise
- Dr. Oz
Explain the tradition source and give an example. - Answer Passing down traditions,
generally seen in family settings
- Using the same apple pie recipe, because thats how its always been done
- Special drinks for cold remedy
Explain the common sense source and give an example. - Answer Being logical and
rational, however there are usually contradictory cliches.
- opposites attract / birds of a feather flock together
Explain the personal experience source and give an example. - Answer Since I
experienced it, it must be true
,- divorce has major negative impacts because my parents had a bad divorce
What are the 4 errors of personal experience? - Answer - overgeneralization (falsely
assume it applies to other situations)
- selective observation
- premature closure
- halo effect (when we let the prestige of something rub off onto other areas)
Overgeneralization - Answer an error that people often make when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for aacquiring knowledge. It occurs when some
evidence supports a belief, but a person falsely assumes that it applies to many other
situations
Selective Observation - Answer The tendency to take notice of certain people or events
based on past experience or attitudes, they seek out evidence that confirms what you
already believe - YOU IGNORE THINGS THAT CONTRADICT YOU
Premature Closure - Answer an error that is often made when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for acquiring knowledge. It occurs when a
person feels her or she has the answers and does not need to listen, seek information or
raise questions longer
Halo Effect - Answer occurs when a person overgeneralizes rom what he or she accepts
as being highly positive or prestigious and lets its favourable impression rub off on other
areas
Data - Answer the empirical evidence or information that a person gathers carefully
according to established rules or procedures; it can be qualitative and quantitative
empirical evidence - Answer the observations that people experience through their
senses (can be direct or indirect)
,What is the anatomy of an empirical research article? - Answer Introduction
Methodology
Research
Discussion
References
Appendices and supplemental materials
Values - Answer Sometimes think research is value free
Always have a sense of right or wrong
Try and be as objective as possible
Values influence the research process
Types of reasoning - Answer deductive and inductive
Induction - Answer an approach to inquiry of social theory in which one begins with
concrete empirical details and then works toward abstract ideas or general principles
Moving from something very specific to something general
Going from observation to pattern (on a graph, having just dots vs drawing a line)
Deduction - Answer an approach to inquiry or social theory in which one begins with
abstract ideas and principles and then works toward concrete, empirical evidence to
test the ideas
, Compare hypothesis and observations, is my hypothesis supported or not
scientific community - Answer a collection of people who share a system of rules and
attitudes that sustain the process of producing knowledge
Paradigm - Answer Ways of thinking
A philosophy
Positivism
Interpretivism
Nature of Reality: Positivism - Answer Single tangible reality - a truth out there and it's
the only one
Nature of Reality: Interpretivism - Answer Multiple constructed reality
Relationship Between research and participants: Positivism - Answer Independent -
objective, unbiased, removed
Relationship between researcher and participants: Interpretivism - Answer Interact with
participants, involve people
Purpose: Positivism - Answer Predict, control or explain
Purpose; Interpretivism - Answer Understand - get a better description of their
behaviour, not relying on states, relying on commentary
What is the benefit to being an informed consumer? - Answer You are able to know the
difference between good and bad research
Producers create __________ knowledge - Answer New
What is social research? - Answer Systematically collecting data to produce knowledge
- a process in which people combine a set of principles, outlooks, and ideas
Explain the authority source and give an example. - Answer You believe what is
presented is true because an expert says it
- Dr. Phil
- Cathy Somers
- Tom Cruise
- Dr. Oz
Explain the tradition source and give an example. - Answer Passing down traditions,
generally seen in family settings
- Using the same apple pie recipe, because thats how its always been done
- Special drinks for cold remedy
Explain the common sense source and give an example. - Answer Being logical and
rational, however there are usually contradictory cliches.
- opposites attract / birds of a feather flock together
Explain the personal experience source and give an example. - Answer Since I
experienced it, it must be true
,- divorce has major negative impacts because my parents had a bad divorce
What are the 4 errors of personal experience? - Answer - overgeneralization (falsely
assume it applies to other situations)
- selective observation
- premature closure
- halo effect (when we let the prestige of something rub off onto other areas)
Overgeneralization - Answer an error that people often make when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for aacquiring knowledge. It occurs when some
evidence supports a belief, but a person falsely assumes that it applies to many other
situations
Selective Observation - Answer The tendency to take notice of certain people or events
based on past experience or attitudes, they seek out evidence that confirms what you
already believe - YOU IGNORE THINGS THAT CONTRADICT YOU
Premature Closure - Answer an error that is often made when using personal
experience as an alternative to science for acquiring knowledge. It occurs when a
person feels her or she has the answers and does not need to listen, seek information or
raise questions longer
Halo Effect - Answer occurs when a person overgeneralizes rom what he or she accepts
as being highly positive or prestigious and lets its favourable impression rub off on other
areas
Data - Answer the empirical evidence or information that a person gathers carefully
according to established rules or procedures; it can be qualitative and quantitative
empirical evidence - Answer the observations that people experience through their
senses (can be direct or indirect)
,What is the anatomy of an empirical research article? - Answer Introduction
Methodology
Research
Discussion
References
Appendices and supplemental materials
Values - Answer Sometimes think research is value free
Always have a sense of right or wrong
Try and be as objective as possible
Values influence the research process
Types of reasoning - Answer deductive and inductive
Induction - Answer an approach to inquiry of social theory in which one begins with
concrete empirical details and then works toward abstract ideas or general principles
Moving from something very specific to something general
Going from observation to pattern (on a graph, having just dots vs drawing a line)
Deduction - Answer an approach to inquiry or social theory in which one begins with
abstract ideas and principles and then works toward concrete, empirical evidence to
test the ideas
, Compare hypothesis and observations, is my hypothesis supported or not
scientific community - Answer a collection of people who share a system of rules and
attitudes that sustain the process of producing knowledge
Paradigm - Answer Ways of thinking
A philosophy
Positivism
Interpretivism
Nature of Reality: Positivism - Answer Single tangible reality - a truth out there and it's
the only one
Nature of Reality: Interpretivism - Answer Multiple constructed reality
Relationship Between research and participants: Positivism - Answer Independent -
objective, unbiased, removed
Relationship between researcher and participants: Interpretivism - Answer Interact with
participants, involve people
Purpose: Positivism - Answer Predict, control or explain
Purpose; Interpretivism - Answer Understand - get a better description of their
behaviour, not relying on states, relying on commentary
