Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition Butts Test Bank

Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for A
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dvanced Nursing Practice 3rd Edition
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Janie B. Butts and Karen L. Rich
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, Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction fi fi fi fi fi fi fi




1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Ans: A f i




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work fi




B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities fi fi fi




D. Pathology if




Ans: D f i




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in thew
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orld. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she perform
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s and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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l of scientific thought? fi fi fi fi fi fi fi




A. Natural Science fi




B. Human Science fi




C. Applied Science fi




D. Soft Science fi if




Ans: B f i




4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet somet
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ype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in whichs fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi if




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, ubjectivity was introduced to the experiment. fi fi fi fi fi




C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate resultsi
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n repeat experiments.
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Ans: C f i




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the commons
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ubjective biases of different disciplines. fi fi fi fi




B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize theirffi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi if




unctional abilities. fi




C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situationor
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fi change viewpoints. fi




D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, andc
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ontrolling outcomes. fi




Ans: D f i




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has as
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ked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equipment.
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i After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discoverthat they are
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nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify? fi fi




A. Intersubjective testability fi




B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision fi fi




D. Coherence


Ans: A f i




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, 7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking.
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B. Utilization of process and outcome. fi fi fi fi




C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. fi fi fi fi




D. Application of epistemology and ontology. fi fi fi fi




Ans: C f i




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sourceo
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f knowledge?
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A. Doctrine
B. Common sense fi




C. Tradition
D. Authority if




Ans: C f i




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