ADPR 3400 Exam 1 questions with
verified solutions
4 Methods of Knowing - correct answer ✔✔Tenacity: information's survival over time
Intuition: "feels right"
Authority: someone trustworthy says it to you
Science: research
Scientific Research Process - correct answer ✔✔1. Identify Problem
2. Review existing research
3. Develop Hypotheses
4. Research design
5. Data collection
6.. Data analysis
7. report results
8. replication
Research Method: Means - correct answer ✔✔The process taken to get results
Research Method: Ends - correct answer ✔✔the result
Means & Ends Matrix Example - correct answer ✔✔Good Means + Good Ends = Ethical
Bad Means + Bad Ends = Unethical
Good Means + Bad Ends= Subjective
Bad Means + Good Ends= Machiavellian
Subjective: Manhattan Bomb Project
, Unit of Analysis - correct answer ✔✔Individual: refers to specific people getting measured
ex. John is Male, Becky is female
Group: unofficial segments of people
ex. John and Patricia have been married 6 years, John and Joy have been married 3 years
Organization: formal group
ex. Private University vs Public University
Social Artifacts: advertising, blogs, etc.
Cross-Sectional Study - correct answer ✔✔A study in which a representative cross section of the
population is tested or surveyed at one specific time.
Longitudinal Study - correct answer ✔✔research in which the same people are restudied and retested
over a long period
Longitudinal Study: Trend Study - correct answer ✔✔different people are measured at different times
measuring the same thing
Longitudinal Study: Cohort Study - correct answer ✔✔different people belonging to the same subgroups
are measured at different times measuring the same thing
Longitudinal Study: Panel Study - correct answer ✔✔the same groups of people are measured at
different times measuring the same thing
Focused Group Interviews (FGIs) - correct answer ✔✔Adv: inexpensive, flexible, beneficial snowball
effect, clear up confusing responses when in person
Disadv: moderator can become dictator-like, difficult to gather quantitative data, depends on the skills of
the moderator, group pressure
Concept vs Variable - correct answer ✔✔Concept: abstract idea or verbal abstraction
Variable: measurable version of a concept
verified solutions
4 Methods of Knowing - correct answer ✔✔Tenacity: information's survival over time
Intuition: "feels right"
Authority: someone trustworthy says it to you
Science: research
Scientific Research Process - correct answer ✔✔1. Identify Problem
2. Review existing research
3. Develop Hypotheses
4. Research design
5. Data collection
6.. Data analysis
7. report results
8. replication
Research Method: Means - correct answer ✔✔The process taken to get results
Research Method: Ends - correct answer ✔✔the result
Means & Ends Matrix Example - correct answer ✔✔Good Means + Good Ends = Ethical
Bad Means + Bad Ends = Unethical
Good Means + Bad Ends= Subjective
Bad Means + Good Ends= Machiavellian
Subjective: Manhattan Bomb Project
, Unit of Analysis - correct answer ✔✔Individual: refers to specific people getting measured
ex. John is Male, Becky is female
Group: unofficial segments of people
ex. John and Patricia have been married 6 years, John and Joy have been married 3 years
Organization: formal group
ex. Private University vs Public University
Social Artifacts: advertising, blogs, etc.
Cross-Sectional Study - correct answer ✔✔A study in which a representative cross section of the
population is tested or surveyed at one specific time.
Longitudinal Study - correct answer ✔✔research in which the same people are restudied and retested
over a long period
Longitudinal Study: Trend Study - correct answer ✔✔different people are measured at different times
measuring the same thing
Longitudinal Study: Cohort Study - correct answer ✔✔different people belonging to the same subgroups
are measured at different times measuring the same thing
Longitudinal Study: Panel Study - correct answer ✔✔the same groups of people are measured at
different times measuring the same thing
Focused Group Interviews (FGIs) - correct answer ✔✔Adv: inexpensive, flexible, beneficial snowball
effect, clear up confusing responses when in person
Disadv: moderator can become dictator-like, difficult to gather quantitative data, depends on the skills of
the moderator, group pressure
Concept vs Variable - correct answer ✔✔Concept: abstract idea or verbal abstraction
Variable: measurable version of a concept
