Anatomy & Physiology Proctored Exam Study Guide latest updated

The largest vein in an animal's body is: - Answer- vena cava If immature neutrophils are observed in peripheral blood, the condition is called a: - Answer- left shift What type of cell is responsible for immunity against intracellular pathogens? - Answer- T-Lymphocytes The ductus arteriousus in a fetus allows blood to flow directly: - Answer- into the aorta from the pulmonary artery During hemostasis, which process occurs first? - Answer- Platelet adhesion Jaundice (icterus) could be a result of - Answer- excessive amounts of unconjugated bilirubin An example of an agranulocytic Leukocyte is a/an: - Answer- Lymphocyte & Moncyte Oxygen carried in a hemoglobin molecule is bound to a/an - Answer- iron atom _____ are responsible for conducting electrical impulses WITHIN the cardiac muscle - Answer- Purkinje Fibers Functions of the spleen include: - Answer- removal of dying blood cells (senescent cells) The heart is located in the thoracic cavity in the space between the lungs. This space is called the: - Answer- mediastinum Which specific type of immunity is involved in antibody production? - Answer- Humoral immunity The majority of exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissue takes place at the ___ level. - Answer- capillary bed Chordae tendineae are found in the ______. - Answer- ventricles Which chamber of the heart sends oxygenated blood to systemic circulation when it contracts? - Answer- left ventricle The most important functions of the complement system are to alter microbial cell membranes and _____. - Answer- initiate an inflammatory response The ____ vein can be used for venipuncture in nearly all species of animals - Answer- jugular The PCV is determined using ______. - Answer- whole blood with an anticoagulant added An opening between the right and left atria that's present in fetal mammals is the _____. - Answer- foramen ovale External innate immunity depends on ____. - Answer- intact skin Of the CO2 level in blood rises above a preset limit, how will the respiratory center adjust the breathing to compensate? - Answer- increase rate and depth of respiration Which of the following is considered a coenzyme? Glucose, FAD, ADP, ATP - Answer- FAD A catalyst ___ the activation energy of a reaction, and ____ the reaction. - Answer- lowers; speeds up Swallowing happens in three stages: In those three stages, is it voluntary or involuntary? - Answer- Voluntary, Involuntary, Involuntary The _____ secretes digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. - Answer- Pancreas Phonation in an animal begins in the ____. - Answer- Larynx The two bones that are connected with the TMJ are the ____ and ____ - Answer- mandible, temporal Plant and grain protein digestion in ruminants occurs primarily in the ____. - Answer- ???? Rumen, Reticulum, or omasum which animal doesn't have a gallbladder? - Answer- horse The vocal cords are composed of: - Answer- fibrous connective tissue bands the amount of air remaining in the alveolus after expiration is referred to as: - Answer- residual volume The cheek teeth are the ____ and _____. - Answer- molars, premolars Horses are unlike dogs and cats in that a large amount of digestion and absorption in these hindgut fermenters occurs in the - Answer- cecum Tracheal collapse is often seen with: - Answer- inspiratory dyspnea In total, what's the maximum number of ATP molecules that can be formed from each molecule of glucose that enters a cell? - Answer- ??? 36 or 38 Which type of glandular cells in the stomach secrete hydrogen and chloride that form hydrochloric acid - Answer- Parietal cells The primary function of dietary vitamins is to: - Answer- activate enzymes Which species is most prone to asthma attacks? - Answer- feline In general, cofactors and coenzymes assist with ________ . - Answer- enzymatic reactions Of the six categories of nutrients, which three produce energy when they are consumed? - Answer- carbohydrates, lipids, proteins