Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology 14th Edition Tille Test Bank 2

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Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure Tille
d d d d d d d

: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition
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MULTIPLEdCHOICE

1. Piecesdofddeoxyribonucleicdacidd(DNA)dthatdmovedfromdonedgeneticdelementdtodanotherdanddc
ontaindgenesdfordmovementdanddgenesdfordotherdfeaturesdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.

ANS:d A
Insertiondsequencesdonlydcodedfordmovement.

REF:d d 8

2. Miniaturedchromosomesdcomposeddofdseveraldgenesdinddouble-
stranded,dclosed,dcirculardstructuresdaredcalled:
a. transposons.
b. insertiondsequences.
c. plasmids.
d. chromatoids.
ANS:d C
Plasmidsdcandbedseparatedentities,dbutdtransposabledelementsd(transposonsdanddinsertiondsequence
s)dcannot.

REF:d d 8

3. AdDNAdsequencedthatdencodesdfordadspecificdproductd(ribonucleicdacidd[RNA]dordprotein)disdd
efineddasda:
a. gene.
b. genome.
c. nucleotide.
d. deoxyribonucleicdacid.
ANS:d A
Thedgenomedisdthedcollectiondofdalldthedgenesdofdandorganism.dNucleotidesdanddDNAdaredbuildin
gdblocksdofdgenes.

REF:d d 6

4. Thedenzymedthatdaddsdnucleotidedbasesdtodeachdgrowingddaughterdstranddindthedreplicationdp
rocessdisdcalled:
a. replicationdenzymes.
b. DNAdpolymerase.
c. insertiondsequencedenzymes.
d. transcriptase.
ANS:d B




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DNAdpolymerasedisdadspecificdtypedofdreplicationdenzyme.

REF:d d 9

5. Ifdadbacterialdcelldencountersdunfavorabledenvironmentaldconditions,dthenditsdmetabolismdwilld
begindtodslowduntilditdeventuallydtransformsdintodandinactive,ddormantdstate.dThisdsurvivaldmec
hanismdisdknowndas:
a. polymerization.
b. oxidation.
c. respiration.
d. sporulation.
ANS:d D
Organismsdsporulatedwhendunfavorabledconditionsdaredencountereddanddremaindindthisdstatedunti
ldfavorabledconditionsdreturn.

REF:d d 23

6. Teichoicdacids,dmycolicdacids,dpeptidoglycan,dandddisaccharide-
pentapeptidedsubunitsdaredalldbuildingdblocksdofdwhichdbacterialdstructure?
a. Outerdcelldmembrane
b. Flagella
c. Innerdcelldmembrane
d. Celldwall
ANS:d D
Thesedelementsdaredalldpartdofdthedcelldwallsdofdsomedtypesdofdbacteria.

REF:d d 21d|d22

7. Thedmajorddifferencedbetweendgram-positivedanddgram-negativedbacteriadisdthat:
a. thedpeptidoglycandlayerdindgram-
positivedbacteriadisdsubstantiallydthinnerdthandindgram-negativedbacteria.
b. gram-positivedbacteriadcontaindadperiplasmicdspace,dwhereasdgram-
negativedbacteriaddodnot.
c. flagelladaredonlydpresentdindgram-positivedbacteria.
d. gram-
negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembranedthatdfunctionsdasdthedcell’sdinitiald
barrierdtodthedenvironment.
ANS:d D
Gram-negativedbacteriadcontaindandouterdmembrane,dbutdgram-positivedbacteriaddodnot.

REF:d d 21

8. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,drepressiondisddefineddasdthe:
a. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
b. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
c. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
d. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedare


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notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
ANS:d D
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddoffdbydthedpre
sencedofdthedproductdofdthatdgenedexpression.

REF:d d 12

9. Indgenedregulationdanddcontrol,dinductiondcandbeddefineddasdthe:
a. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdaredinduceddonlydwhendthedsubstratedt
odbeddegradeddbydenzymaticdactiondisdpresent.
b. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
c. mechanismdofdgeneticdcontroldindwhichdgenesdarednotdtranscribeddanddthereforedared
notdexpresseddindthedpresencedofdthosedtargetdproductsdindsufficientdsupply.
d. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
ANS:d A
Todavoiddwastedanddoverproductiondofdenzymesdindthedcell,dsomedgenesdaredturneddondonlydbydth
edpresencedofdthedsubstratedofdthatdgenedexpression.

REF:d d 13

10. Mutationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d B
Mutationdoccursdasdandinternaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwith
indandorganism’sdgenome.

REF:d d 14

11. Recombinationdisddefineddasdthe:
a. changedofdthedbacterialdgenotypesdthroughdthedexchangedofdDNAdfromdonedcelldtoda
nother.
b. internaldchangedindthedoriginaldnucleotidedsequencedofdadgenedordgenesdwithindando
rganism’sdgenome.
c. processdbydwhichdgeneticdelementsdsuchdasdplasmidsdanddtransposonsdexcisedfromd
onedgenomicdlocationdanddinsertdintodanother.
d. uptakedofdfreedDNAdfromdthedenvironmentdanddrecombinationdwithdthedrecipient’sd
homologousdDNA.
ANS:d A




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