UARK ANATOMY EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Skeletal system
Axial
Appendicular
Cartilage
Ligaments
axial
skull, spine, thoracic cavity
Appendicular
limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Support
framework for attachment of other organs
Movement / locomotion
muscles use bones as levers
Storage of minerals
Calcium ions
phosphate ions
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
,bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, & platelets
protection
Ribs protect heart & lungs
Skull protects brain
Vertebrae protect spinal cord
Pelvic bones protect reproductive organs
Matrix of bone consists of
Hydroxyapatite crystals: mainly calcium phosphate (and calcium hydroxide) will resist
compression, but inflexible
Calcium phosphate makes up ~2/3 of bone mass
Collagen fibers
Make up ~1/3 of bone mass
Contribute to tensile strength of bones
Imparts limited flexibility to matrix
Bone cells
Contribute only ~2 percent of bone mass
Osteocytes
maintains matrix
,Osteoblasts
produces matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells
produce osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
break down matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells: bone stem cells
Innermost layer of periosteum & inner lining of endosteum
Differentiate to form new osteoblasts
Involved in repair of bones after a fracture
Osteoclasts: multinucleated cells
osteolysis: secrete HCL, dissolving bones causing release Ca2+ & PO4 3- into blood
Osteoblasts: Immature bone cells
Found on inner & outer surfaces of bones
, Produce osteoid: organic mix dumped into matrix
Osteogenesis: new bone formation via calcification of osteoid leading to ossification
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells
Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix
Controls release & deposition of Ca2+ in/out of bone
Lacunae
depressions where osteocytes reside
lamella
osteocytes matrix
Canaliculi:
small channels from osteocytes to bone capillaries
Osseous tissue types
1. Compact bone (dense bone)
2. Spongy bone (trabecular bone)
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Skeletal system
Axial
Appendicular
Cartilage
Ligaments
axial
skull, spine, thoracic cavity
Appendicular
limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle
Support
framework for attachment of other organs
Movement / locomotion
muscles use bones as levers
Storage of minerals
Calcium ions
phosphate ions
Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
,bone marrow produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, & platelets
protection
Ribs protect heart & lungs
Skull protects brain
Vertebrae protect spinal cord
Pelvic bones protect reproductive organs
Matrix of bone consists of
Hydroxyapatite crystals: mainly calcium phosphate (and calcium hydroxide) will resist
compression, but inflexible
Calcium phosphate makes up ~2/3 of bone mass
Collagen fibers
Make up ~1/3 of bone mass
Contribute to tensile strength of bones
Imparts limited flexibility to matrix
Bone cells
Contribute only ~2 percent of bone mass
Osteocytes
maintains matrix
,Osteoblasts
produces matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells
produce osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
break down matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells: bone stem cells
Innermost layer of periosteum & inner lining of endosteum
Differentiate to form new osteoblasts
Involved in repair of bones after a fracture
Osteoclasts: multinucleated cells
osteolysis: secrete HCL, dissolving bones causing release Ca2+ & PO4 3- into blood
Osteoblasts: Immature bone cells
Found on inner & outer surfaces of bones
, Produce osteoid: organic mix dumped into matrix
Osteogenesis: new bone formation via calcification of osteoid leading to ossification
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells
Maintain protein & mineral content of matrix
Controls release & deposition of Ca2+ in/out of bone
Lacunae
depressions where osteocytes reside
lamella
osteocytes matrix
Canaliculi:
small channels from osteocytes to bone capillaries
Osseous tissue types
1. Compact bone (dense bone)
2. Spongy bone (trabecular bone)
