Test Bank For Clinical Immunology And
Serology A Laboratory Perspective, 4th Edition,
Christine Dorresteyn Stevens, Linda Miller
Immunology - ANSWER Study of a host's reactions when
foreign substances are introduced into the body
Antigens - ANSWER Foreign substances that induce a host
response
Immunity - ANSWER The condition of being resistant to
infection
Edward Jenner - ANSWER Successfully prevented infection
with smallpox by injecting a more harmless substance- cowpox
from a disease affecting cows
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Father of immunology- observed
by chance that older bacterial cultures would not cause
diseases in chickens (first attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals
Attenuation - ANSWER Change- make a pathogen less
virulent (heat, aging, or chemical means)
Phagocytes - ANSWER Cells that eat- part of natural or
innate host defense
,humoral immunity - ANSWER specific immunity produced
by B cells (plasma cells) that produce antibodies that circulate
in body fluids
Antibodies - ANSWER Serum proteins produced by certain
lymphocytes when exposed to a foreign substance and they
react specifically with that foreign substance
Innate (natural) immunity - ANSWER The individual's ability
to resist infection by means of normally present body functions
Adaptive immunity - ANSWER Type of resistance that is
characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or
microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
Leukocytes - ANSWER White blood cells in the peripheral
blood that play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity
5 principal types of leukocytes in peripheral blood - ANSWER
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes
Innate immune cells in periphery - ANSWER Neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils, monocytes
Adaptive immune cells in periphery - ANSWER Lymphocytes
,Tissue cell lines - ANSWER Mast cells, macrophages, and
dendritic cells
All blood cells arise from a type of cell - ANSWER
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells: - ANSWER
Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid
precursors (CLP)
The common myeloid precursor gives rise to: - ANSWER
Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils,
Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to: - ANSWER
T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell
and dendritic cells)
Neutrophils - ANSWER Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic
leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults
Azurophilic or primary granules - ANSWER Contains
antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme,
elastase, proteinase-3, cathepsin G, and defensins
secondary granules - ANSWER Lysozyme, lactoferrin,
collagenase, gelatinase, and respiratory burst components
, Diapedesis - ANSWER Passage of white blood cells through
intact vessel walls into tissue
Chemotaxins - ANSWER chemical messengers that cause
cells to migrate in a particular direction
Eosinophils - ANSWER 1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a
nonallergic person
Eosinophil granules - ANSWER Catalase, lysozyme,
cytokines (chemical messengers), growth factors, and cationic
proteins
Role of eosinophils - ANSWER Attack parasites and toxic
proteins and allergic responses. Regulation of mast cell function
Basophil - ANSWER <1% in peripheral blood
Short lifespan
Basophil granules - ANSWER histamine, cytokines, growth
factors, and heparin
Function of histamine - ANSWER Contracts smooth muscle
Basophil function - ANSWER Regulate T helper cell
responses and stimulate B cells to produce IgE
Serology A Laboratory Perspective, 4th Edition,
Christine Dorresteyn Stevens, Linda Miller
Immunology - ANSWER Study of a host's reactions when
foreign substances are introduced into the body
Antigens - ANSWER Foreign substances that induce a host
response
Immunity - ANSWER The condition of being resistant to
infection
Edward Jenner - ANSWER Successfully prevented infection
with smallpox by injecting a more harmless substance- cowpox
from a disease affecting cows
Louis Pasteur - ANSWER Father of immunology- observed
by chance that older bacterial cultures would not cause
diseases in chickens (first attenuated vaccine)
Used attenuation to prevent rabies in affected individuals
Attenuation - ANSWER Change- make a pathogen less
virulent (heat, aging, or chemical means)
Phagocytes - ANSWER Cells that eat- part of natural or
innate host defense
,humoral immunity - ANSWER specific immunity produced
by B cells (plasma cells) that produce antibodies that circulate
in body fluids
Antibodies - ANSWER Serum proteins produced by certain
lymphocytes when exposed to a foreign substance and they
react specifically with that foreign substance
Innate (natural) immunity - ANSWER The individual's ability
to resist infection by means of normally present body functions
Adaptive immunity - ANSWER Type of resistance that is
characterized by specificity for each individual pathogen, or
microbial agent, and the ability to remember a prior exposure
increased response to that pathogen upon repeated exposure
Leukocytes - ANSWER White blood cells in the peripheral
blood that play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity
5 principal types of leukocytes in peripheral blood - ANSWER
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes,
lymphocytes
Innate immune cells in periphery - ANSWER Neutrophils,
eosinophils, basophils, monocytes
Adaptive immune cells in periphery - ANSWER Lymphocytes
,Tissue cell lines - ANSWER Mast cells, macrophages, and
dendritic cells
All blood cells arise from a type of cell - ANSWER
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
HSC gives rise to two distinct types of precursor cells: - ANSWER
Common myeloid precursors (CMP) and Common lymphoid
precursors (CLP)
The common myeloid precursor gives rise to: - ANSWER
Phagocytic cells: Monocytes/Macrophages, Neutrophils,
Eosinophils, Basophils, Erythrocytes, Platelets
The common lymphoid precursor gives rise to: - ANSWER
T/NK progenitors (T and NK cells) and B cell progenitors (B cell
and dendritic cells)
Neutrophils - ANSWER Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic
leukocyte
50-75% of total peripheral WBCs in adults
Azurophilic or primary granules - ANSWER Contains
antimicrobial products such as myeloperoxidase, lysozyme,
elastase, proteinase-3, cathepsin G, and defensins
secondary granules - ANSWER Lysozyme, lactoferrin,
collagenase, gelatinase, and respiratory burst components
, Diapedesis - ANSWER Passage of white blood cells through
intact vessel walls into tissue
Chemotaxins - ANSWER chemical messengers that cause
cells to migrate in a particular direction
Eosinophils - ANSWER 1-3% of the circulating WBCs in a
nonallergic person
Eosinophil granules - ANSWER Catalase, lysozyme,
cytokines (chemical messengers), growth factors, and cationic
proteins
Role of eosinophils - ANSWER Attack parasites and toxic
proteins and allergic responses. Regulation of mast cell function
Basophil - ANSWER <1% in peripheral blood
Short lifespan
Basophil granules - ANSWER histamine, cytokines, growth
factors, and heparin
Function of histamine - ANSWER Contracts smooth muscle
Basophil function - ANSWER Regulate T helper cell
responses and stimulate B cells to produce IgE
