Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Token Economy - correct answers✅✅A form of behavior modification
using operant conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the
desired behavior, he is awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be
traded for a physical possession or special privilege.
Pedagogy - correct answers✅✅The art of teaching. It encompasses
different styles and methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - correct answers✅✅A theory which focuses on how
to structure material to best teach students, especially young ones. This
approach can be divided into two general approaches: cognitive and
behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - correct answers✅✅A teaching style which seeks to
instruct students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This
area of teaching is influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
Law of Effect - correct answers✅✅A principle proposed by Edward
Thorndike stating behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while
those with negative outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - correct answers✅✅A type of instruction which
involves the teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a
particular learning goals. This type of teaching is best for learning math or
other complex skills, but not for less structured tasks such as English
composition.
Academic Learning Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of time the
student spends focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the
material.
Scheduled Time - correct answers✅✅The total length of the class.
,Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Allocated Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of class time devoted to
teaching.
Engaged Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of Allocated Time each
individual student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - correct answers✅✅A method of pedagogy where the
teacher actively looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a
subject. Ways of doing this include actively presenting concepts, checking to
see if the students understand, and reteaching any trouble areas for the
students.
Generative learning - correct answers✅✅A type of learning where the
teacher encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The
teacher will show relationships between the new subject matter and past
learning and will encourage the students to have confidence in their own
ability to make these connections.
Two-sigma problem - correct answers✅✅According to researcher
Benjamin Bloom, students with individual tutors generally perform two
standard deviations (two "sigmas") above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - correct answers✅✅A testing procedure that
measures an individual student's score relative to those of a representative
group of students. These tests are used to rank students based on their skill
levels compared to their peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - correct answers✅✅A testing procedure that
measures a student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a
certain concept. The purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a
student has achieved a certain learning objective.
,Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Instruction - correct answers✅✅All sources that contribute to a student's
learning. This term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any
others who promote education.
Carroll's Model of School Learning - correct answers✅✅A learning model
that proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort
needed to the effort spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - correct answers✅✅Allowing each student to reach full
mastery of a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - correct answers✅✅The study of how students
learn and develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - correct answers✅✅A humanistic,
interdisciplinary form of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and
imagination in learning. According to this theory, children pass through three
learning stages: imitative learning, artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - correct answers✅✅A
disruptive disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits
such as impulse control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and
impulsiveness. The three types are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive,
predominantly inattentive, and combined hyperactive-impulsive and
inattentive.
Learning Disability - correct answers✅✅A broad category of disorders in
which the individual has difficulty learning in a typical way.
, Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Dyslexia - correct answers✅✅A learning disability which impairs a
person's language ability. Those with this disorder may have difficulty with
reading, writing, or spelling.
Mental Retardation - correct answers✅✅A disorder characterized by an
impairment of one's cognitive abilities and problems with adapting to
situations. Individuals with this problem often have IQs of under 70.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) - correct answers✅✅A group of non-progressive motor
problems which cause psychical disability. These disorders are caused by
injuries to the motor control centers in the brain during birth or early
childhood.
Epilepsy - correct answers✅✅A neurological disorder characterized by
seizures. This disorder is caused by excessive, abnormal brain activity.
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences - correct answers✅✅A theory
which proposes that there are eight different kinds of cognitive intelligences,
none of which are necessarily correlated. The intelligences are spacial,
linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Psychometrics - correct answers✅✅The study of the theory and
technique of creating psychological tests, such as IQ, aptitude, or personality
trait tests.
WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) - correct answers✅✅An
individually administered intelligence test designed for children ages 6-16.
WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) - correct answers✅✅An
intelligence test for adults used most commonly in clinical settings.
Questions and Answers
Token Economy - correct answers✅✅A form of behavior modification
using operant conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the
desired behavior, he is awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be
traded for a physical possession or special privilege.
Pedagogy - correct answers✅✅The art of teaching. It encompasses
different styles and methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - correct answers✅✅A theory which focuses on how
to structure material to best teach students, especially young ones. This
approach can be divided into two general approaches: cognitive and
behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - correct answers✅✅A teaching style which seeks to
instruct students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This
area of teaching is influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
Law of Effect - correct answers✅✅A principle proposed by Edward
Thorndike stating behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while
those with negative outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - correct answers✅✅A type of instruction which
involves the teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a
particular learning goals. This type of teaching is best for learning math or
other complex skills, but not for less structured tasks such as English
composition.
Academic Learning Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of time the
student spends focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the
material.
Scheduled Time - correct answers✅✅The total length of the class.
,Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Allocated Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of class time devoted to
teaching.
Engaged Time - correct answers✅✅The amount of Allocated Time each
individual student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - correct answers✅✅A method of pedagogy where the
teacher actively looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a
subject. Ways of doing this include actively presenting concepts, checking to
see if the students understand, and reteaching any trouble areas for the
students.
Generative learning - correct answers✅✅A type of learning where the
teacher encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The
teacher will show relationships between the new subject matter and past
learning and will encourage the students to have confidence in their own
ability to make these connections.
Two-sigma problem - correct answers✅✅According to researcher
Benjamin Bloom, students with individual tutors generally perform two
standard deviations (two "sigmas") above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - correct answers✅✅A testing procedure that
measures an individual student's score relative to those of a representative
group of students. These tests are used to rank students based on their skill
levels compared to their peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - correct answers✅✅A testing procedure that
measures a student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a
certain concept. The purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a
student has achieved a certain learning objective.
,Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Instruction - correct answers✅✅All sources that contribute to a student's
learning. This term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any
others who promote education.
Carroll's Model of School Learning - correct answers✅✅A learning model
that proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort
needed to the effort spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - correct answers✅✅Allowing each student to reach full
mastery of a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - correct answers✅✅The study of how students
learn and develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - correct answers✅✅A humanistic,
interdisciplinary form of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and
imagination in learning. According to this theory, children pass through three
learning stages: imitative learning, artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - correct answers✅✅A
disruptive disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits
such as impulse control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and
impulsiveness. The three types are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive,
predominantly inattentive, and combined hyperactive-impulsive and
inattentive.
Learning Disability - correct answers✅✅A broad category of disorders in
which the individual has difficulty learning in a typical way.
, Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Questions and Answers
Dyslexia - correct answers✅✅A learning disability which impairs a
person's language ability. Those with this disorder may have difficulty with
reading, writing, or spelling.
Mental Retardation - correct answers✅✅A disorder characterized by an
impairment of one's cognitive abilities and problems with adapting to
situations. Individuals with this problem often have IQs of under 70.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) - correct answers✅✅A group of non-progressive motor
problems which cause psychical disability. These disorders are caused by
injuries to the motor control centers in the brain during birth or early
childhood.
Epilepsy - correct answers✅✅A neurological disorder characterized by
seizures. This disorder is caused by excessive, abnormal brain activity.
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences - correct answers✅✅A theory
which proposes that there are eight different kinds of cognitive intelligences,
none of which are necessarily correlated. The intelligences are spacial,
linguistic, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal,
intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
Psychometrics - correct answers✅✅The study of the theory and
technique of creating psychological tests, such as IQ, aptitude, or personality
trait tests.
WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) - correct answers✅✅An
individually administered intelligence test designed for children ages 6-16.
WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) - correct answers✅✅An
intelligence test for adults used most commonly in clinical settings.
