Neuroscience Final Exam - PSY 3460
Questions and Answers
overt attention - Correct Answers -focus coincides with the sensory orientation (you're
attending to the same thing you're looking at)
covert attention - Correct Answers -focus is independent of sensory orientation (you're
attending to one sensory stimulus while looking at another)
brain abnormalities in dyslexia - Correct Answers -left hemisphere!!!
neural disorganization and disconnect between language systems.
disruption of genes involved in brain development and the migration of neurons into
adult positions.
reduced gray matter in left parietotemporal, occipitotemporal areas, fusiform and lingual
gyrus and the cerebellum
cortical abnormalities in frontal and temporal lobes
impaired neural activity in left posterior speech zones
some of these abnormalities have genetic bases!
hemispatial neglect following right parietal lobe damage
deep dyslexia - Correct Answers -acquired dyslexia in which the person reads a word
as another word that is semantically related (the printed word cow is read as horse).
inattentional blindness - Correct Answers -failure to perceive nonattended visual stimuli
(things that you might think impossible to miss, like a gorilla strolling across the screen).
cocktail party effect - Correct Answers -selective attention filters out stimuli not being
attended to. attention focuses cognitive processing resources on a particular target!
perceptual load - Correct Answers -the immediate processing demands presented
by a stimulus, determines how much of our perceptual resources are used.
attentional bottleneck - Correct Answers -works as a filter to select only the most
important stimuli for processing
, peripheral spatial cuing task - Correct Answers -uses a simple sensory stimulus, such
as light, in the location to which the attention is to be following an interval of time
inhibition of return - Correct Answers -the phenomenon observed in peripheral spatial
cueing tasks when longer intervals interfere with the processing of valid cues.
voluntary attention - Correct Answers -directed toward aspects of the environment
according to our interests and goals.
reflexive attention - Correct Answers -involuntary reorienting of attention toward a
sudden or important event, aka exogenous attention (someone drops a glass in
restaurant, heads turn).
considered to be a bottom up process, because attention is being seized by sensory
inputs from lower levels of the nervous system, rather than being directed by voluntary,
conscious top down processes of the forebrain.
neuroeconomics - Correct Answers -the study of brain mechanisms during economic
decision making
valuation system (neuroecon) - Correct Answers -the earliest parts of the process occur
in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the reward system of the brain.
choice system (neuroecon) - Correct Answers -the second system that involves
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal regions.
event related potentials (erp) - Correct Answers -averaging the EEGs during several
repeated trials, also called evoked potential. distinctive patterns of brain electrical
activity mark shifts of attention.
tend to be reliable because the background noise of the cortex has been averaged out.
P3 effect - Correct Answers -occurs later in the ERP and may reflect higher order
processing, is an example of a late selection effect.
positive deflection of the erp, occurring about 300 milliseconds after stimulus
presentation, associated with higher order auditory stimulus processing and late
attentional selection.
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) - Correct Answers -human equivalent of the lateral intraparietal
area (LIP) = crucial for endogenous attention in monkeys
superior colliculus - Correct Answers -guides movement of eyes toward objects that
draw attention (gray matter structure of the dorsal midbrain that processes visual
information).
Questions and Answers
overt attention - Correct Answers -focus coincides with the sensory orientation (you're
attending to the same thing you're looking at)
covert attention - Correct Answers -focus is independent of sensory orientation (you're
attending to one sensory stimulus while looking at another)
brain abnormalities in dyslexia - Correct Answers -left hemisphere!!!
neural disorganization and disconnect between language systems.
disruption of genes involved in brain development and the migration of neurons into
adult positions.
reduced gray matter in left parietotemporal, occipitotemporal areas, fusiform and lingual
gyrus and the cerebellum
cortical abnormalities in frontal and temporal lobes
impaired neural activity in left posterior speech zones
some of these abnormalities have genetic bases!
hemispatial neglect following right parietal lobe damage
deep dyslexia - Correct Answers -acquired dyslexia in which the person reads a word
as another word that is semantically related (the printed word cow is read as horse).
inattentional blindness - Correct Answers -failure to perceive nonattended visual stimuli
(things that you might think impossible to miss, like a gorilla strolling across the screen).
cocktail party effect - Correct Answers -selective attention filters out stimuli not being
attended to. attention focuses cognitive processing resources on a particular target!
perceptual load - Correct Answers -the immediate processing demands presented
by a stimulus, determines how much of our perceptual resources are used.
attentional bottleneck - Correct Answers -works as a filter to select only the most
important stimuli for processing
, peripheral spatial cuing task - Correct Answers -uses a simple sensory stimulus, such
as light, in the location to which the attention is to be following an interval of time
inhibition of return - Correct Answers -the phenomenon observed in peripheral spatial
cueing tasks when longer intervals interfere with the processing of valid cues.
voluntary attention - Correct Answers -directed toward aspects of the environment
according to our interests and goals.
reflexive attention - Correct Answers -involuntary reorienting of attention toward a
sudden or important event, aka exogenous attention (someone drops a glass in
restaurant, heads turn).
considered to be a bottom up process, because attention is being seized by sensory
inputs from lower levels of the nervous system, rather than being directed by voluntary,
conscious top down processes of the forebrain.
neuroeconomics - Correct Answers -the study of brain mechanisms during economic
decision making
valuation system (neuroecon) - Correct Answers -the earliest parts of the process occur
in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the reward system of the brain.
choice system (neuroecon) - Correct Answers -the second system that involves
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal regions.
event related potentials (erp) - Correct Answers -averaging the EEGs during several
repeated trials, also called evoked potential. distinctive patterns of brain electrical
activity mark shifts of attention.
tend to be reliable because the background noise of the cortex has been averaged out.
P3 effect - Correct Answers -occurs later in the ERP and may reflect higher order
processing, is an example of a late selection effect.
positive deflection of the erp, occurring about 300 milliseconds after stimulus
presentation, associated with higher order auditory stimulus processing and late
attentional selection.
intraparietal sulcus (IPS) - Correct Answers -human equivalent of the lateral intraparietal
area (LIP) = crucial for endogenous attention in monkeys
superior colliculus - Correct Answers -guides movement of eyes toward objects that
draw attention (gray matter structure of the dorsal midbrain that processes visual
information).
