Test bank calculating drug dosages a patient safe approach to nursing and math 2nd edition by castillo werner mccullough

Table of Contents: I. Safety in Medication Administration Chapter 1. Safety in Medication Administration Chapter 2. The Drug Label II. Systems of Measurement Chapter 3. The Metric System Chapter 4. The Household System III. Methods of Calculation Chapter 5. Linear Ratio and Proportion Chapter 6. Fractional Ratio and Proportion Chapter 7. Dimensional Analysis Chapter 8. Formula Method IV. Administration of Medications Chapter 9. Calculating Oral Medication Doses Chapter 10. Syringes and Needles Chapter 11. Calculating Parenteral Medication Dosages Chapter 12. Preparing Powdered Parenteral Medications Chapter 13. Administration of Insulin V. IV Therapy and Administration of Intravenous Medications Chapter 14. Intravenous Infusion and Infusion Rates Chapter 15. Calculating Infusion and Completion Time Chapter 16. Administering IV Push Medications VI. Verifying Safe Dose and Critical Care Calculations Chapter 17. Verifying Safe Dose Chapter 18. Titration of Intravenous Medications VII. Intake and Output Chapter 19. Calculating Intake and Output Chapter 20. Calculating Parenteral Intake VIII. Dosages for Pediatric and Older Adult Populations Chapter 21. Considerations for the Pediatric Patient Chapter 22. Considerations for the Older Adult Castillo/Werner-McCullough: Calculating Drug Dosages, 2e 1 Chapter 1: Safety in Medication Administration Castillo: Calculating Drug Dosages: A Patient-Safe Approach to Nursing and Math 2nd Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The following medication order is in the patient’s medication administration record (MAR): methylPREDnisolone 40 mg PO daily at 0900. After reading the order, the nurse correctly determines: A “PO” is an inappropriate abbreviation. B the medication order is written correctly. C 40 mg should be written as 40mg. D tall man lettering indicates that the drug is a narcotic. ANSWER: B Feedback The medication order has all the required components (drug name, dose, route, and frequency of administration) for a drug order. “PO” is an appropriate abbreviation; 40 mg is written correctly with a space between the dose and the unit of measurement. Tall man lettering is used to distinguish the drug from another drug with a similar name. 2. Which of the following accurately describes the “Boxed Warning” found on a drug label? A It is primarily is used to identify the safe dose for the patient. B It is commonly found on all drug labels. C It identifies serious potential risks and side effects related to drug use. D It protects the patient by providing information to decrease side effects. ANSWER: C Feedback A drug label with a boxed warning provides information to healthcare professionals and patients regarding the serious risks and side effects related to the drug. The Boxed Warning is not the primary source for identifying the patient’s drug dosage. The warning is found on specific prescription medications and does not provide information to reduce or decrease side effects. 3. When practicing safety in the administration of medication, for which of the following medication orders should a nurse seek clarification before the administration of the medication? Castillo/Werner-McCullough: Calculating Drug Dosages, 2e 2 A Regular insulin 5 u subcut now. B Enoxaparin 80 mg subcut every 12 hours. C Benadryl 50 mg PO PRN every 6 hr for itching. D Ondansetron 4 mg IVP stat. ANSWER: A Feedback The “u” should never be used in a medication order; rather, for safety, the word “units” should be spelled out. The other answer options contain the required components needed to safely carry out the medication order. 4. A nurse is reviewing a drug label with a drug name written with tall man lettering. Which statements shows the nurse has a correct understanding of tall man lettering on a drug label? A “The tall man lettering means this is a high alert drug.” B “The tall man lettering helps me distinguish this drug with other drugs that have similar names.” C “The tall man lettering means that this drug must have a Boxed Warning.” D “The tall man lettering helps me quickly identify that this drug is an injectable drug.” ANSWER: B Feedback Tall man lettering highlights a portion of the drug name to help distinguish from similar drug names. It is not used to identify high alert drugs, highlight a boxed warning, or identify injectable drugs. 5. The following medication orders are found in the patient’s MAR: Metformin HCl 500 mg PO daily at 0900. Hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg PO every 12 hr at 0900 and 2100. Digoxin .25 mg PO daily at 0900. In reading the medication orders for the 0700–1500 shift, the nurse determines that which of the following is the priority nursing intervention? A Clarify the metformin HCl order. B Clarify the hydrochlorothiazide order. C Clarify the digoxin order. D Prepare to administer the 0900 medications. ANSWER: C Castillo/Werner-McCullough: Calculating Drug Dosages, 2e 3 Feedback The digoxin medication order is lacking a zero before the decimal fraction (.25). Safe practice recommends using a zero before a decimal point when the dose is less than one. The metformin HCl and the hydrochlorothiazide orders are written correctly. The order should be clarified before preparing the 0900 medications. 6. In the administration of medications, when should the nurse document the administration of medications? A 30 minutes before administering to the patient. B Immediately before administering to the patient. C At the end of the shift. D Immediately after administering to the patient. ANSWER: D Feedback The last “Right of Medication Administration” is the documentation of medications. The documentation is done immediately after administering the medications to the patient. 7. The following medication is ordered for the patient: Calcitriol Oral Solution 2 µg PO Daily After reading the order, what is the initial action needed by the nurse? A Clarify the written medication dose of 2 µg. B Look up the dose in a drug reference book. C Transcribe the medication order onto the MAR. D Ask the patient the daily dose taken at home. ANSWER: A Feedback The initial action is for the nurse to clarify the drug dose because it is written with the error-prone letter/symbol “µ.” To avoid medication errors, it is recommended that the “µ” not be used in medication orders. Instead the abbreviation “mcg” is to be used for microgram. 8. Recommendations by the Institute of Medicine for reducing medication errors help enhance safe nursing practice by