CRASH COURSE CHEMISTRY 8 - ACID-
BASE REACTIONS IN A SOLUTION
What happens if you mix an acid and a base ANSWER they neutralize each other
Johannes Brønstead & Thomas Lowry – ANSWER 1923 - independently defined acids and
bases in the exact same way.
Acid – ANSWER donates a proton
Base - ANSWER accepts a proton
What happens when an acid is added to H20 – ANSWER It dissociates (like any other ionic
compound)
HCl – ANSWER hydrochloric acid
NH3 – ANSWER ammonia
What does ammonia do when it reacts with HCl? – ANSWER acts as a base --> ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl)
Conjugate acid – ANSWER A species formed by the reception of a proton (H+), by a base, i.e.
the base with a hydrogen ion added to it.
Conjugate base – ANSWER A species formed by the removal of a proton from an acid, i.e. the
acid with a hydrogen ion removed.
Chemical species - ANSWER atoms, molecules, molecular fragments, ions, etc., subjected to a
chemical process or to a measurement
Strong acid – ANSWER An acid that is completely or nearly 100% ionized in its solution
(releasing all of it's ions into the solution).
Weak acid – ANSWER An acid that dissociates incompletely, releasing only some of its
hydrogen atoms into the solution.
Strong base – ANSWER A base that is completely or nearly 100% ionized in its solution.
Weak base - ANSWER A chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution.
Results in a relatively low pH.
Is water an acid or a base? - ANSWER really good at doing both!
BASE REACTIONS IN A SOLUTION
What happens if you mix an acid and a base ANSWER they neutralize each other
Johannes Brønstead & Thomas Lowry – ANSWER 1923 - independently defined acids and
bases in the exact same way.
Acid – ANSWER donates a proton
Base - ANSWER accepts a proton
What happens when an acid is added to H20 – ANSWER It dissociates (like any other ionic
compound)
HCl – ANSWER hydrochloric acid
NH3 – ANSWER ammonia
What does ammonia do when it reacts with HCl? – ANSWER acts as a base --> ammonium
chloride (NH4Cl)
Conjugate acid – ANSWER A species formed by the reception of a proton (H+), by a base, i.e.
the base with a hydrogen ion added to it.
Conjugate base – ANSWER A species formed by the removal of a proton from an acid, i.e. the
acid with a hydrogen ion removed.
Chemical species - ANSWER atoms, molecules, molecular fragments, ions, etc., subjected to a
chemical process or to a measurement
Strong acid – ANSWER An acid that is completely or nearly 100% ionized in its solution
(releasing all of it's ions into the solution).
Weak acid – ANSWER An acid that dissociates incompletely, releasing only some of its
hydrogen atoms into the solution.
Strong base – ANSWER A base that is completely or nearly 100% ionized in its solution.
Weak base - ANSWER A chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution.
Results in a relatively low pH.
Is water an acid or a base? - ANSWER really good at doing both!
