MCB5205 Exam 2 With
Correct Answers
Principles of human volunteer research - ANSWER 1. Informed Consent
2. Beneficence (max benefit/low risk)
3. Justice
Belmont Report (1979) - ANSWER ethical principles and guidelines for the
protection of human subjects of research
Animal model - ANSWER -Disease symptoms and distribution mimics
humans
- Same disease route as humans
ethics of animal models - ANSWER - rationale
- bacterial genetics & physiology
- hypothesis driven research
- experimental design
- care of animals
- anesthesia
- euthanasia
Caenorhabditis elegans - cons - ANSWER - NO adaptive immune system
,- cannot grow at 37C
Caenorhabditis elegans - pros - ANSWER - fully sequenced genome
- permissive
- propagation 3 days
Galleria mellonella - cons - ANSWER - not able to generate mutants
-melanization
Galleria mellonella - pros - ANSWER - Able to survive at 37c
- can use purified bacterial toxins
Drosophila melanogaster - pros - ANSWER - most versatile infection model
- small size
-short generation time
-fully sequenced genome
-innate immune similar to mammals
Name Drosophila melanogaster - cons - ANSWER high inoculums of bacteria
needed
biophotonic imaging - ANSWER Bacterial strains to be studied are
engineered to express luciferase (lux operon from Vibrio sp.)
input ratio - ANSWER CFU mutant/ CFU wild type
Calculate Dilution Factor - ANSWER (CFU) (dilution factor)/(vol(ml))
Tissue culture models - ANSWER - less complex
,-less $
- NO IRB or IUCAC
artificial ecm - ANSWER
Gentamicin Protection Assay - ANSWER is used to determine adhesion and
invasion frequencies
plaque assay - ANSWER measures cell-tocell spread of intracellular bacteria
or viruses
operon - ANSWER group of genes functioning together
Regulon - ANSWER genes or operons regulated by a common regulatory
protein
Complementation - ANSWER ability of a mutant to be restored to the
wildtype through either a second mutation or the addition of a functional
gene
RNAi - ANSWER RNA interference; injecting double stranded RNA into a cell
turns off expression of a gene with the same sequence as the RNA
Dicer - ANSWER enzyme that cleaves and processes double stranded RNA to
produce siRNAs or miRNAs that are 21-25 nucleotids in length
RNase III - ANSWER cuts out 16S and 23S
Neutropenia - ANSWER deficiency of neutrophils
nude mice - ANSWER lack of thymus
lacZ - ANSWER encodes B-galactosidase
- blue
, phoA - ANSWER Reporter gene, used for removing phosphate groups from
substrate, often used in Gram negative
- Chromogenic
luxCDABE - ANSWER Makes luciferase (lux); used for biophotonic imaging;
generate light, no need to add substrate
bla - ANSWER beta-lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down ampicillin and
makes plasmid-bearing cells antibiotic resistant
sIgA protease - ANSWER Prevents trapping of bacteria in mucus bathing
mucosal surfaces
staphlokinase - ANSWER digests blood clots
Elementary body - ANSWER the infectious form of chlamydiae, they are
dense, dark, and relatively small
superoxide dismutase - ANSWER converts free radicals to less damaging
substances, such as hydrogen peroxide
Defensins - ANSWER antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Invasins - ANSWER Surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange
actin filaments of the cytoskeleton
reticulate body - ANSWER The form of chlamydiae that replicates and
produces elementary bodies within the mucosal cell
Iron chelators - ANSWER - Deferasirox (PO; causes fecal excretion of iron; SE:
headache, renal toxicity)
- Deferoxamine (parenteral; causes fecal and urinary excretion; SE:
ototoxicity, ocular toxicity)
Correct Answers
Principles of human volunteer research - ANSWER 1. Informed Consent
2. Beneficence (max benefit/low risk)
3. Justice
Belmont Report (1979) - ANSWER ethical principles and guidelines for the
protection of human subjects of research
Animal model - ANSWER -Disease symptoms and distribution mimics
humans
- Same disease route as humans
ethics of animal models - ANSWER - rationale
- bacterial genetics & physiology
- hypothesis driven research
- experimental design
- care of animals
- anesthesia
- euthanasia
Caenorhabditis elegans - cons - ANSWER - NO adaptive immune system
,- cannot grow at 37C
Caenorhabditis elegans - pros - ANSWER - fully sequenced genome
- permissive
- propagation 3 days
Galleria mellonella - cons - ANSWER - not able to generate mutants
-melanization
Galleria mellonella - pros - ANSWER - Able to survive at 37c
- can use purified bacterial toxins
Drosophila melanogaster - pros - ANSWER - most versatile infection model
- small size
-short generation time
-fully sequenced genome
-innate immune similar to mammals
Name Drosophila melanogaster - cons - ANSWER high inoculums of bacteria
needed
biophotonic imaging - ANSWER Bacterial strains to be studied are
engineered to express luciferase (lux operon from Vibrio sp.)
input ratio - ANSWER CFU mutant/ CFU wild type
Calculate Dilution Factor - ANSWER (CFU) (dilution factor)/(vol(ml))
Tissue culture models - ANSWER - less complex
,-less $
- NO IRB or IUCAC
artificial ecm - ANSWER
Gentamicin Protection Assay - ANSWER is used to determine adhesion and
invasion frequencies
plaque assay - ANSWER measures cell-tocell spread of intracellular bacteria
or viruses
operon - ANSWER group of genes functioning together
Regulon - ANSWER genes or operons regulated by a common regulatory
protein
Complementation - ANSWER ability of a mutant to be restored to the
wildtype through either a second mutation or the addition of a functional
gene
RNAi - ANSWER RNA interference; injecting double stranded RNA into a cell
turns off expression of a gene with the same sequence as the RNA
Dicer - ANSWER enzyme that cleaves and processes double stranded RNA to
produce siRNAs or miRNAs that are 21-25 nucleotids in length
RNase III - ANSWER cuts out 16S and 23S
Neutropenia - ANSWER deficiency of neutrophils
nude mice - ANSWER lack of thymus
lacZ - ANSWER encodes B-galactosidase
- blue
, phoA - ANSWER Reporter gene, used for removing phosphate groups from
substrate, often used in Gram negative
- Chromogenic
luxCDABE - ANSWER Makes luciferase (lux); used for biophotonic imaging;
generate light, no need to add substrate
bla - ANSWER beta-lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down ampicillin and
makes plasmid-bearing cells antibiotic resistant
sIgA protease - ANSWER Prevents trapping of bacteria in mucus bathing
mucosal surfaces
staphlokinase - ANSWER digests blood clots
Elementary body - ANSWER the infectious form of chlamydiae, they are
dense, dark, and relatively small
superoxide dismutase - ANSWER converts free radicals to less damaging
substances, such as hydrogen peroxide
Defensins - ANSWER antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth
Invasins - ANSWER Surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange
actin filaments of the cytoskeleton
reticulate body - ANSWER The form of chlamydiae that replicates and
produces elementary bodies within the mucosal cell
Iron chelators - ANSWER - Deferasirox (PO; causes fecal excretion of iron; SE:
headache, renal toxicity)
- Deferoxamine (parenteral; causes fecal and urinary excretion; SE:
ototoxicity, ocular toxicity)
