HCMG Final Exam 100% Solved!
What is a Health Care System - ANSWERSAn organization of people, institutions and
resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target
populations.
Biomedical Model - ANSWERSPresupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby
emphasizing clinical diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - ANSWERSStrategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - ANSWERSMarket- individual
responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - ANSWERS-few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - ANSWERS-XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - ANSWERSExamination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools
came about.
Medicare - ANSWERSOne of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves
people over 65, disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - ANSWERSSocial Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - ANSWERScovers physician services
Medicaid - ANSWERSThe third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides
coverage for low-income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
, Blue Cross - ANSWERShospital insurance
Blue Shield - ANSWERSphysican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - ANSWERS-1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - ANSWERS-High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - ANSWERS1- Growth of technology-
inexpensive technology makes people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the
general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up
with all payers, single payer would cut administrative costs.
Ways to contain costs - ANSWERS-EHRs should make it easier to share information
between physicians
-A new focus on prevention and chronic disease management should keep costs from
rising
-ACA
Moral Hazard - ANSWERSconsumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health
care services when services are covered by insurance.
Single payer system - ANSWERS_____________ systems are usually financed more
progressively, and rely on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks
throughout one large risk pool; and they offer governments a high degree of control over
the total expenditure on health.
Multi payer system - ANSWERSIn this system two or more providers administer the
UHC and usually do so in competition with each other. The government, or its nominee,
may or may not be an active participant, but usually is expected to set the rules of the
competition and monitor the system to ensure fair and equitable service.
Patients without insurance - ANSWERS-Less likely to have a source of ongoing care
-less likely to have preventative care like flu-shots and cancer screening
-more likely to utilize expensive emergency care
Health Care Quality - ANSWERSthe degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
What is a Health Care System - ANSWERSAn organization of people, institutions and
resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target
populations.
Biomedical Model - ANSWERSPresupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby
emphasizing clinical diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - ANSWERSStrategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - ANSWERSMarket- individual
responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - ANSWERS-few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - ANSWERS-XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - ANSWERSExamination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools
came about.
Medicare - ANSWERSOne of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves
people over 65, disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - ANSWERSSocial Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - ANSWERScovers physician services
Medicaid - ANSWERSThe third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides
coverage for low-income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
, Blue Cross - ANSWERShospital insurance
Blue Shield - ANSWERSphysican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - ANSWERS-1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - ANSWERS-High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - ANSWERS1- Growth of technology-
inexpensive technology makes people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the
general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up
with all payers, single payer would cut administrative costs.
Ways to contain costs - ANSWERS-EHRs should make it easier to share information
between physicians
-A new focus on prevention and chronic disease management should keep costs from
rising
-ACA
Moral Hazard - ANSWERSconsumer behavior that leads to higher utilization of health
care services when services are covered by insurance.
Single payer system - ANSWERS_____________ systems are usually financed more
progressively, and rely on existing taxation systems; they effectively distribute risks
throughout one large risk pool; and they offer governments a high degree of control over
the total expenditure on health.
Multi payer system - ANSWERSIn this system two or more providers administer the
UHC and usually do so in competition with each other. The government, or its nominee,
may or may not be an active participant, but usually is expected to set the rules of the
competition and monitor the system to ensure fair and equitable service.
Patients without insurance - ANSWERS-Less likely to have a source of ongoing care
-less likely to have preventative care like flu-shots and cancer screening
-more likely to utilize expensive emergency care
Health Care Quality - ANSWERSthe degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
