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Sociale Psychologie 2ORTH - Celien vd Mispel & Karolien Delaere (16/20)

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Dit is een uitgebreide samenvatting van het vak Sociale Psychologie uit de opleiding Orthopedagogie, waarbij zowel het boek, de powerpoints als lesnotities en leerpaden in verwerkt zijn. Het bevat zowel oefenvragen als schema's en afbeeldingen.

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Sociale psychologie

Inhoud:
Sociale psychologie................................................................................................ 1
Inleiding:................................................................................................................. 5
Sociale psychologie............................................................................................. 5
Hoofdstuk 1: Sociale cognities................................................................................ 6
1. Schema’s......................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Omschrijving:............................................................................................ 7
1.2. Kenmerken:............................................................................................... 7
2. Configureren.................................................................................................... 9
2.1. Opvallende kenmerken:..........................................................................10
2.2. Primacy-effect:........................................................................................ 10
2.3. Configuratiemodel Asch:.........................................................................10
2.4. Impliciete persoonlijkheid:......................................................................11
3. Persoonsperceptie......................................................................................... 12
4. Priming.......................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Experimenten:.......................................................................................... 13
4.2 Referentie-index:...................................................................................... 14
4.3 Politieke keuzes:....................................................................................... 14
5. Dissonantie.................................................................................................... 15
5.1. Dollarexperiment:................................................................................... 15
5.2. Experiment van Festinger:......................................................................15
5.3. Spanningsreductie:.................................................................................16
5.4. Endowment-effect:.................................................................................. 16
6. Het negatieve................................................................................................ 17
6.1. Aversie voor verlies:................................................................................ 17
6.2. Framing:.................................................................................................. 17
6.3. Negativiteitseffect:.................................................................................. 17
7. Cognitie en affect.......................................................................................... 18
Hoofdstuk 2: Attributies........................................................................................ 19
1. Criteria.......................................................................................................... 19
1.1. Intern – Extern: Locus of control..............................................................19
1.2. Stabiel - Onstabiel:..................................................................................20
1.3. Controleerbaar - Oncontroleerbaar:........................................................20

, 1.4. Globaal - Specifiek:.................................................................................21
1.5. Attributies en orthopedagogie:................................................................22
2. Attributietheorieën........................................................................................ 22
2.1. Zelfwaarnemingstheorie - Bem:..............................................................22
2.2. Corresponderende inferentietheorie – Jones&Davis:...............................23
2.3. Covariatiemodel - Kelley:.........................................................................23
2.4. Tweestappenmodel - Gilbert:...................................................................24
3. Motivatie....................................................................................................... 24
4. Vertekeningen............................................................................................... 25
4.1. Self-serving bias:..................................................................................... 25
4.2. Beperkte rationaliteit en heuristieken:....................................................25
4.3. Valse consensuseffect:............................................................................ 26
4.4. Basisfrequentievalstrik en tegenfeitelijk denken:....................................26
4.5. Fundamentele attributiefout:..................................................................27
4.6. Actor-observator...................................................................................... 27
4.7. Self-fulfilling prophecy:............................................................................28
Leerpad: Sociale media........................................................................................ 28
1. Impact van sociale media op sociale cognitie...............................................28
1.1. Invloed van woorden en beelden online op zelfbeeld:.............................28
1.2. Invloed van negatieve haatberichten op sociale cognitie:......................30
2. Attributiefouten bij online gedrag..................................................................31
2.1. Nepnieuws:............................................................................................. 32
2.2. Algoritmes sturen ons denken:................................................................32
2.3. Deepfake:................................................................................................ 32
Hoofdstuk 3: Sociale beïnvloeding........................................................................33
1. Conformisme of meerderheidsinvloed...........................................................33
1.1. Het autokinetisch effect – Sherif:............................................................33
1.2. Verdwijnen van de beïnvloedingsbron – Campbell en Jacobs:.................34
1.3. De sociale vergelijkingstheorie – Festinger:............................................35
1.4. Lijnenexperiment – Asch:........................................................................36
1.5. Informatieve en normatieve beïnvloeding:..............................................37
1.6. Beïnvloedende factoren:.........................................................................39
2. Innovatie of minderheidsinvloed...................................................................40
2.1. Kleurendia’s - Moscovici:.........................................................................40
2.2. Beïnvloedende factoren:.........................................................................41
2.3. Verschil tussen meerderheid- en minderheidsinvloed:............................41
3. Gehoorzaamheid en autoriteit.......................................................................42

, 3.1. Elektroshocks – Milgram:.........................................................................43
3.2. Beïnvloedende factoren:.........................................................................43
3.3. Waarom gehoorzamen?...........................................................................44
3.4. Het gevangenisexperiment – Zimbardo:.................................................44
3.5. Gevolgen van deze experimenten:..........................................................45
4. Sociale facilitatie en belemmering................................................................46
4.1. Dominante responsen:............................................................................46
4.2. Verwachte evaluatietheorie:....................................................................46
4.3. Distractie-conflicttheorie.........................................................................47
5. Sociaal meeliften........................................................................................... 48
5.1. Het Ringelmann-effect:...........................................................................48
5.2. Ongelijkheidsaversie:.............................................................................. 48
Hoofdstuk 4: Hulpverlenen................................................................................... 49
1. Altruïsme....................................................................................................... 49
2. Verwantschap................................................................................................ 49
3. Wederkerig altruïsme.................................................................................... 50
3.1. Dieren:.................................................................................................... 50
3.2. Kosten-batenanalyse:..............................................................................50
3.3. Ultimatum game:.................................................................................... 51
3.4. De prisoners game:.................................................................................51
3.5. Emoties:.................................................................................................. 52
4. Empathie....................................................................................................... 52
4.2. Gradatie:................................................................................................. 52
4.2. Voorwaarden tot empathie:.....................................................................52
5. Stappenplan.................................................................................................. 53
5.1. Opmerken:.............................................................................................. 54
5.2. Interpreteren :......................................................................................... 54
5.3. Verantwoordelijkheid nemen:..................................................................54
5.4. Beslissen hoe:......................................................................................... 55
5.5. Helpen:.................................................................................................... 55
6. Beïnvloedende factoren.................................................................................... 55
6.1. Situationele factoren:..............................................................................55
6.2. Persoonlijke factoren:..............................................................................56
6.3. Interpersoonlijke factoren:......................................................................57
Hoofdstuk 5: In groep........................................................................................... 57
1. Sociale categorisatie..................................................................................... 57
1.1. In/outgroup:............................................................................................. 58

, 2. Kenmerken waarom we aan categorisatie doen............................................58
2.1. Accentuation effect:................................................................................58
2.2. Assumed similarity effect:.......................................................................59
2.3. Out-group homogeneity effect:...............................................................61
2.4. In-group favoritisme effect:.....................................................................63
3. Valkuilen voor groepen.................................................................................. 65
3.1. Groupthink:............................................................................................. 66
3.2. Polarisatie:.............................................................................................. 68
Hoofdstuk 6: Stereotypering................................................................................. 69
1. Algemene begrippen..................................................................................... 69
1.1. Stereotypes:............................................................................................ 69
1.2. Vooroordelen:.......................................................................................... 70
1.3. Negatieve gevolgen:...............................................................................70
2. Benaderingen: Waar komen stereotypes vandaan?......................................71
2.1. Coercion-theorie:..................................................................................... 71
2.2. Realistische conflicttheorie:....................................................................71
2.3. Sociaalcognitieve benadering:................................................................72
2.4. Sociale identiteitstheorie en socialisatie:................................................72
3. Invloed: Waarom blijven bepaalde stereotypes in stand?..............................73
3.1. Stereotypedreiging..................................................................................73
3.2. Contacthypothese...................................................................................73
3.3. Blaming the victim:................................................................................. 74
3.4. Illusoire correlaties:................................................................................. 74
Hoofdstuk 7: Attitudes.......................................................................................... 75
1. Soorten.......................................................................................................... 75
2. Kenmerken.................................................................................................... 75
2.1. Geen continuüm:..................................................................................... 76
3. Attitudes meten............................................................................................. 76
4. Attitude en gedrag........................................................................................ 76
5. Attitudes veranderen..................................................................................... 77
5.1. Twee wegen van overreding:...................................................................77
Leerpad: Over groepen, stereotypen en vooroordelen online...............................77
1. Sociale categorisering...................................................................................77
1.1. In- en out-groups:.................................................................................... 78
1.2. Wij-zij denken:......................................................................................... 78
2. Stereotypen en vooroordelen........................................................................79
2.1. Stereotypes:............................................................................................ 79

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Uploaded on
December 12, 2024
Number of pages
82
Written in
2024/2025
Type
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Karolien delaere en celien van der mispel
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