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Solution Manual For Auditing & Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach, 12th Edition By William Messier Jr, Steven Glover, Verified Chapters 1 - 21, Complete Newest Version

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by Douglas F. Prawitt William F. Messier Jr, Steven M. Glover (Author)Product ISBN: 9781265019624 is an International edition of Auditing & Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach 12th Edition. by William F. Messier Jr, Steven M. Glover, Douglas F. Prawitt*****Student textbook only. No online Connect Access Code included******The continuing rapid pace of change in auditing standards and practices, together with the recent emergence of audit data analytics and data visualization technologies, has had a significant effect on the auditing profession. In this ever-changing environment, it is crucial that students engage with their learning in a relevant real-world context, have access to hands on data analytics and visualization, and learn the importance of critical thinking and decision making through the lens of a systematic, risk-based approach.

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SOLUTION MANUAL for Auditing & Assurance Services A System
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’



atic Approach
’ ’




12th Edition by William Messier Jr, Steven Glover,
’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’




Chapters 1 - 21 / Complete
’ ’ ’ ’ ’

,• Table of Contents
’ ’




Chapter’1:’An’Introduction’to’Assurance’and’Financial’Statement’Auditing

Chapter’2:’The’Financial’Statement’Auditing’Environment

Chapter’3:’Audit’Planning,’Types’of’Audit’Tests,’and’Materiality

Chapter’4:’Risk’Assessment

Chapter’5:’Evidence’and’Documentation

Chapter’6:’Internal’Control’in’a’Financial’Statement’Audit

Chapter’7:’Auditing’Internal’Control’over’Financial’Reporting

Chapter’8:’Audit’Sampling:’An’Overview’and’Application’to’Tests’of’Controls

Chapter’9:’Audit’Sampling:’An’Application’to’Substantive’Tests’of’Account’Balances

Chapter’10:’Auditing’the’Revenue’Process

Chapter’11:’Auditing’the’Purchasing’Process

Chapter’12:’Auditing’the’Human’Resource’Management’Process

Chapter’13:’Auditing’the’Inventory’Management’Process

Chapter’14:’Auditing’the’Financing/Investing’Process:Prepaid’Expenses,’Intangible’Assets,’and’Property,’Plant,’and’Equi
pment

Chapter’15:’Auditing’the’Financing/Investing’Process:Long-
Term’Liabilities,’Stockholders’’Equity,’and’Income’Statement’Accounts

Chapter’16:’Auditing’the’Financing/Investing’Process:’Cashand’Investments

Chapter’17:’Completing’the’Audit’Engagement

Chapter’18:’Reports’on’Audited’Financial’Statements

Chapter’19:’Professional’Conduct,’Independence,’and’Quality’Management

Chapter’20:’Legal’Liability

Chapter’21:’Assurance,’Attestation,’and’Internal’Auditing’Services

,CHAPTER’1

AN’ INTRODUCTION’ TO’ ASSURANCE’ AND’ FINANCIAL’ STATEMENT’ AUDITING

Answers’to’Review’Questions

1-1 The’study’of’auditing’is’more’conceptual’in’nature’compared’to’other’accounting’courses.’
Rather’than’focusing’on’learning’the’rules,’techniques,’and’computations’required’to’prepare’finan
cial’statements,’auditing’emphasizes’learning’a’framework’of’analytical’and’logical’skills’to’evaluate’
the’relevance’and’reliability’of’the’systems’and’processes’responsible’for’financial’information,’as’
well’as’the’information’itself.’To’be’successful,’students’must’learn’the’framework’and’then’learn’to’
use’logic’and’common’sense’in’applying’auditing’concepts’to’various’circumstances’ and’situations
.
Understanding’auditing’can’improve’the’decision’making’ability’of’consultants,’business’ma
nagers,’and’accountants’by’providing’a’framework’for’evaluating’the’usefulness’and’reliabi
lity’of’information.

1-2 There’is’a’demand’for’auditing’in’a’free-
market’economy’because’the’agency’relationship’between’an’absentee’owner’and’a’manager’pro
duces’a’natural’conflict’of’interest’due’to’the’information’asymmetry’that’exists’between’the’owner’
and’manager.’As’a’result,’the’agent’agrees’to’be’monitored’as’part’of’his/her’employment’contract.
’Auditing’appears’to’be’a’cost-effective’form’ of’ monitoring.
The’empirical’evidence’suggests’auditing’was’demanded’prior’to’government’regulation’su
ch’as’statutory’audit’requirements.’Additionally,’many’private’companies’and’other’entities’not’subj
ect’to’government’auditing’regulations’also’demand’auditing.

1-3 The’agency’relationship’between’an’owner’and’manager’produces’a’natural’conflict’of’inte
rest’because’of’differences’in’the’two’parties’’goals’and’because’of’information’asymmetry’that’exi
sts’between’them.’That’is,’the’manager’generally’has’more’information’about’the’‘true’’financial’po
sition’and’results’of’operations’of’the’entity’than’the’absentee’owner’does.’If’both’parties’seek’to’m
aximize’their’own’self-
interest,’it’is’likely’that’the’manager’will’not’act’in’the’best’interest’of’the’owner’and’may’manipulate’
the’information’provided’to’the’owner’accordingly.

1-4 Independence’is’an’important’standard’for’auditors.’If’an’auditor’is’not’independent’of’the’
client,’users’may’lose’confidence’in’the’auditor’s’ability’to’report’truthfully’on’the’financial’statemen
ts,’and’the’auditor’s’work’loses’its’value.’From’an’agency’perspective,’if’the’principal’(owner)’know
s’that’the’auditor’is’not’independent,’the’owner’will’not’trust’the’auditor’s’work.
Thus,’the’agent’will’not’hire’the’auditor’because’the’auditor’s’report’will’not’be’effective’in’reducing’in
formation’risk’from’the’perspective’of’the’owner.

1-5 Auditing’(broadly’defined)’is’a’systematic’process’of’objectively’obtaining’and’evaluatin
g evidence’regarding’assertions’about’economic’actions’and’events’to’ascertain’the’degree’of’cor

respondence’between’those’assertions’and’established’criteria’and’communicating’the’results’t
o’interested’ users.
Assurance’is’engagement’in’which’a’practitioner’expresses’a’conclusion’designed’to’enh
ance’the’degree’of’confidence’of’the’intended’users’other’than’the’responsible’party’about’the’outco
me’of’the’evaluation’or’measurement’of’a’subject’matter’against’criteria.
Examples’of’assurance’services’are’assurance’(audit)’of’financial’statements,’assurance’o
f’prospective’financial’information,’assurance’of’reporting’on’internal’control,’assurance’of’sustaina
bility’reporting,’and’assurance’of’electronic’commerce.

, 1-6 The’phrase’systematic’process’implies’that’there’should’be’a’well-
planned,’logical’approach’for’conducting’an’audit’that’involves’objectively’obtaining’and’evaluati
ng’evidence.

1-7 Materiality:’"Omissions’or’misstatements’of’items’are’material’if’they’could,’individually’or’c
ollectively,’influence’the’economic’decisions’of’users’taken’on’the’basis’of’the’financial’statements.’
Materiality’depends’on’the’size’and’nature’of’the’omission’or’misstatement’judged’in’the’surroundin
g’circumstances.’The’size’or’nature’of’the’item,’or’a’combination’of’both,’could’be’the’ determining’fa
ctor."‘(IASB).
Audit’risk’is’defined’as’the’risk’that’the’auditor’expresses’an’inappropriate’audit’opinion’whe
n’the’financial’statements’are’ materially’ misstated’(ISA’200).
The’audit’report’states’that’the’auditor’obtains’“reasonable’assurance”‘whether’the’financia
l’statements’are’free’from’“material”‘misstatement.’The’term’reasonable’assurance’informs’the’rea
der’that’there’is’some’level’of’risk’that’the’audit’did’not’detect’all’material’misstatements.’In’addition
,’the’auditor’s’opinion’commonly’uses’the’wording’that’the’financial’statements’present’fairly,’“in’all’
material’respects.”‘These’phrases’communicate’to’third’parties’that’the’audit’report’is’limited’to’ mat
erial’information.

1-8 On’most’audits,’it’is’not’feasible’or’cost-
effective’to’audit’all’transactions.’For’example,’in’a’small’business,’the’auditor’might’be’able’to’exa
mine’all’transactions’that’occurred’during’the’period.’However,’it’is’unlikely’that’the’owner’of’the’bus
iness’could’afford’to’pay’for’such’an’extensive’audit.’For’a’large’organization,’the’sheer’volume’of’tr
ansactions’prevents’the’auditor’from’examining’every’transaction.’Thus,’there’is’a’trade-
off’between’the’exactness’or’precision’of’the’audit’and’its’cost.

1-9 The’major’phases’of’the’audit’are:
 Client’ acceptance/continuance’ and’ establishing’ engagement’ terms
 Preplanning
 Assess’risks’and’establish’materiality
 Plan’the’audit
 Consider’internal’control
 Audit’business’processes’and’related’accounts
 Complete’the’audit
 Evaluate’results’and’issue’audit’report

1-10 The’auditor’s’understanding’of’the’entity’and’its’environment’includes’knowledge’abo
ut:’(1)’the’nature’of’the’entity,’(2)’its’objectives’and’strategies,’(3)’its’industry,’regulatory,’and’othe
r’external’factors,’(4)’its’management,’(5)’its’governance,’(6)’its’measurement’and’performance
’process,’ and’(7)’its’ business’ processes.


1-11 Sometimes’auditors’will’face’situations’where’no’standard’audit’procedure’exists,’such’as’t
he’example’from’the’text’of’verifying’the’inventory’of’reindeer.’Such’circumstances’require’that’the’
auditor’possess’creativity’and’innovation’when’planning’and’administering’audit’procedures’wher
e’little’or’no’precedent’exists.’Every’client’is’different,’and’applying’auditing’concepts’in’different’sit
uations’requires’logic’and’common’sense,’and’frequently’creativity’and’innovation.

Solutions’to’Problems

1-12 The’memo’should’cite’the’following’facts:
 There’is’a’historical’relationship’between’accounting’and’auditing.
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