SCI 225
Pathophysiology
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is characterized by the irreversible
loss of function in an organ?
A) Acute inflammation
B) Necrosis
C) Regeneration
D) Cell hyperplasia
ANS: B) Necrosis
Rationale: Necrosis refers to the unregulated death of cells or
tissues due to factors like injury or disease, resulting in a loss of
function.
2. A patient is diagnosed with a left ventricular hypertrophy.
This change is primarily considered which type of cellular
adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
ANS: B) Hypertrophy
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells,
leading to an increase in the size of the affected organ or tissue.
3. Which of the following is a common hallmark of chronic
inflammation?
A) Neutrophil influx
B) Monocyte and macrophage accumulation
C) Scar tissue formation
D) Vasodilation
ANS: B) Monocyte and macrophage accumulation
Rationale: Chronic inflammation is characterized by the
presence of macrophages and lymphocytes, rather than the
neutrophils predominant in acute inflammation.
4. What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A) Increased bicarbonate loss
B) Accumulation of ketones
C) Carbon dioxide retention
D) Lactic acid production
ANS: B) Accumulation of ketones
©2024/2025
, Rationale: In DKA, insulin deficiency leads to increased fat
metabolism, producing ketones that contribute to metabolic
acidosis.
5. Hypercapnia is defined as which of the following?
A) Decreased oxygen levels in the blood
B) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
C) Increased glucose levels in the blood
D) Decreased nitrogen levels in the blood
ANS: B) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Rationale: Hypercapnia is specifically the condition of
elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream, often related to
respiratory failure.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. Alterations in the normal cellular response to stressors can
lead to ________, which represents a continuum of cell injury.
ANS: pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology encompasses the functional
changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.
©2024/2025
Pathophysiology
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is characterized by the irreversible
loss of function in an organ?
A) Acute inflammation
B) Necrosis
C) Regeneration
D) Cell hyperplasia
ANS: B) Necrosis
Rationale: Necrosis refers to the unregulated death of cells or
tissues due to factors like injury or disease, resulting in a loss of
function.
2. A patient is diagnosed with a left ventricular hypertrophy.
This change is primarily considered which type of cellular
adaptation?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D) Metaplasia
ANS: B) Hypertrophy
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of cells,
leading to an increase in the size of the affected organ or tissue.
3. Which of the following is a common hallmark of chronic
inflammation?
A) Neutrophil influx
B) Monocyte and macrophage accumulation
C) Scar tissue formation
D) Vasodilation
ANS: B) Monocyte and macrophage accumulation
Rationale: Chronic inflammation is characterized by the
presence of macrophages and lymphocytes, rather than the
neutrophils predominant in acute inflammation.
4. What is the primary cause of metabolic acidosis in diabetic
ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A) Increased bicarbonate loss
B) Accumulation of ketones
C) Carbon dioxide retention
D) Lactic acid production
ANS: B) Accumulation of ketones
©2024/2025
, Rationale: In DKA, insulin deficiency leads to increased fat
metabolism, producing ketones that contribute to metabolic
acidosis.
5. Hypercapnia is defined as which of the following?
A) Decreased oxygen levels in the blood
B) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
C) Increased glucose levels in the blood
D) Decreased nitrogen levels in the blood
ANS: B) Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Rationale: Hypercapnia is specifically the condition of
elevated carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream, often related to
respiratory failure.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. Alterations in the normal cellular response to stressors can
lead to ________, which represents a continuum of cell injury.
ANS: pathophysiology
Rationale: Pathophysiology encompasses the functional
changes that occur in the body as a result of a disease.
©2024/2025
