NURS 3366 NEW EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
What are droplet precautions? - ANSWER Droplets produced by coughing, sneezing,
talking, or an individual can invade the host's nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, or mouth.
Examples: flu, pneumonia, meningitis.
Hand washing, PPE, face mask while in the room.
What are airborne precautions? - ANSWER Used when a client has a suspected or
known infection that is transmitted via the airborne route.
Examples: TB, chickenpox.
Handwashing, PPE, N95, the filter face mask upon entrance into the room.
Stages of the course of a disease- ANSWER 1-Incubation period: the pathogen is
replicating but without the presence of S/S
2-Prodromal stage: The first presence of S/S can be very mild.
3-Acute stage: Maximum effect or with highly-marked S/S.
4-Convalescent period: where there is containment of infection, resolute of S/S.
5-Resolution: this will involve the pathogen getting eliminated wholly with no lingering
S/S
,What is an exceptions to the classic stages? -ANSWER -may become chronic disease
-may be subclinical or subacute (very little S/S)
-fulminant/fulminating illness: abrupt onset w little or no prodrome
What are 2 examples antibiotic resistance? -ANSWER beta-lactimase and Vancomycin
What is beta lactam resistance? -ANSWER -penicillin and derivatives are called
"beta-lactam" antibiotics because they all have molecular structure called
"beta-lactam" ring
-microbes have mutated and developed beta lactamase and target beta lactam ring
ex: penicillins- methicillin, amoxicillin
Why are beta lactams not as effective against a wide spectrum of microbes as they once
were? - ANSWER -certain microbes mutated and developed an enzyme,
"beta-lactamase" which can destroy beta lactam antibiotics by dismantling the beta
lactam ring
What are 2 specific beta-lactamase microbes? - ANSWER -MRSA and resistant
Streptococcus penumoniae
What is MRSA? - ANSWER methicillin-resistant staphyloccous aureas (methicillin- a
beta-lactam antibiotic)
MRSA is generally known as ____ disease and developed in the ____ because ____ -
ANSWER nosocomial disease
1960s
,hospitalized patients had been on methicillin so long that one strain of the staph
bacteria mutated and became resistant
What does MRSA normally invade? - ANSWER wounds but likes fomites like urinary
catheters, IV catheters, which will take it to a site to colonize, such as the bladder or the
blood
What is the new strain that has developed and where is it found? - ANSWER community
acquired MRSA
-found in wounds of people who haven't been in a hospital setting
What is one of the few drugs that will destroy MRSA? - ANSWER vancomycin
Resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common microbe causing _____ and
now due to the resistance because of overtreatment of penicillin the new strain causes
_____ - ANSWER otitis media (inner ear infection)
ear infections to be much harder to get rid of
What is VRE? - ANSWER vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
hospital associated infection
The enterococcus faecalis is a normal bowel flora but in ____ it will ____ - ANSWER
hospitalized people it will migrate to urinary tract and other areas
Why did it become resistant? - ANSWER -resistance developed due to a mutated gene
that changed one small part of a protein on enterococcus wall and now vancomycin
wont bind to microbe cell wall to destroy it
, -NOW heavy duty alternative antbx effective now
What is cellulitis? - ANS infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
S.aureus on top of skin gains deeper entry through laceration or puncture
Cellulitis sometimes follows a milder staph infection called ___ and is an eruption of ___ -
ANS impetigo
eruption of blisters around nose/mouth that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
What is botulism? - ANS -caused by toxin of Clostridium botulinum- can invade body via
food or soil
-blocks acetylcholine muscle receptor cells
-typical S/S is descending, symmetric paralysis including respiratory
-"floppy baby syndrome" in children that eat honey contaminated with C. botulinum
-considered one of the top candidates for bioterrorism use
What is tetanus? - ANSWER -vaccination as part of DPT (diphtheria, pertusssis and
tetanus) but get booster every 10 years
-caused by clostridium tetanii and can live in soil and when in wound, will germinate
-when stimulated, inhibitory neurotransmitters are blocked and result in continuous
nerve impulses to the muscle cells and can lead to clenching of the jaw muscles-
TRISMUS or more serious tetany (muscle twitching, cramps, convlusions)
tx- antibiotics, and TIG (tetanus immunoglobin)
What is rabies? - ANSWER -virus transmitted in saliva of infected host usually by bite to
ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
What are droplet precautions? - ANSWER Droplets produced by coughing, sneezing,
talking, or an individual can invade the host's nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, or mouth.
Examples: flu, pneumonia, meningitis.
Hand washing, PPE, face mask while in the room.
What are airborne precautions? - ANSWER Used when a client has a suspected or
known infection that is transmitted via the airborne route.
Examples: TB, chickenpox.
Handwashing, PPE, N95, the filter face mask upon entrance into the room.
Stages of the course of a disease- ANSWER 1-Incubation period: the pathogen is
replicating but without the presence of S/S
2-Prodromal stage: The first presence of S/S can be very mild.
3-Acute stage: Maximum effect or with highly-marked S/S.
4-Convalescent period: where there is containment of infection, resolute of S/S.
5-Resolution: this will involve the pathogen getting eliminated wholly with no lingering
S/S
,What is an exceptions to the classic stages? -ANSWER -may become chronic disease
-may be subclinical or subacute (very little S/S)
-fulminant/fulminating illness: abrupt onset w little or no prodrome
What are 2 examples antibiotic resistance? -ANSWER beta-lactimase and Vancomycin
What is beta lactam resistance? -ANSWER -penicillin and derivatives are called
"beta-lactam" antibiotics because they all have molecular structure called
"beta-lactam" ring
-microbes have mutated and developed beta lactamase and target beta lactam ring
ex: penicillins- methicillin, amoxicillin
Why are beta lactams not as effective against a wide spectrum of microbes as they once
were? - ANSWER -certain microbes mutated and developed an enzyme,
"beta-lactamase" which can destroy beta lactam antibiotics by dismantling the beta
lactam ring
What are 2 specific beta-lactamase microbes? - ANSWER -MRSA and resistant
Streptococcus penumoniae
What is MRSA? - ANSWER methicillin-resistant staphyloccous aureas (methicillin- a
beta-lactam antibiotic)
MRSA is generally known as ____ disease and developed in the ____ because ____ -
ANSWER nosocomial disease
1960s
,hospitalized patients had been on methicillin so long that one strain of the staph
bacteria mutated and became resistant
What does MRSA normally invade? - ANSWER wounds but likes fomites like urinary
catheters, IV catheters, which will take it to a site to colonize, such as the bladder or the
blood
What is the new strain that has developed and where is it found? - ANSWER community
acquired MRSA
-found in wounds of people who haven't been in a hospital setting
What is one of the few drugs that will destroy MRSA? - ANSWER vancomycin
Resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common microbe causing _____ and
now due to the resistance because of overtreatment of penicillin the new strain causes
_____ - ANSWER otitis media (inner ear infection)
ear infections to be much harder to get rid of
What is VRE? - ANSWER vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
hospital associated infection
The enterococcus faecalis is a normal bowel flora but in ____ it will ____ - ANSWER
hospitalized people it will migrate to urinary tract and other areas
Why did it become resistant? - ANSWER -resistance developed due to a mutated gene
that changed one small part of a protein on enterococcus wall and now vancomycin
wont bind to microbe cell wall to destroy it
, -NOW heavy duty alternative antbx effective now
What is cellulitis? - ANS infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
S.aureus on top of skin gains deeper entry through laceration or puncture
Cellulitis sometimes follows a milder staph infection called ___ and is an eruption of ___ -
ANS impetigo
eruption of blisters around nose/mouth that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
What is botulism? - ANS -caused by toxin of Clostridium botulinum- can invade body via
food or soil
-blocks acetylcholine muscle receptor cells
-typical S/S is descending, symmetric paralysis including respiratory
-"floppy baby syndrome" in children that eat honey contaminated with C. botulinum
-considered one of the top candidates for bioterrorism use
What is tetanus? - ANSWER -vaccination as part of DPT (diphtheria, pertusssis and
tetanus) but get booster every 10 years
-caused by clostridium tetanii and can live in soil and when in wound, will germinate
-when stimulated, inhibitory neurotransmitters are blocked and result in continuous
nerve impulses to the muscle cells and can lead to clenching of the jaw muscles-
TRISMUS or more serious tetany (muscle twitching, cramps, convlusions)
tx- antibiotics, and TIG (tetanus immunoglobin)
What is rabies? - ANSWER -virus transmitted in saliva of infected host usually by bite to
