SANS GISCP EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
Industrial Control System (ICS) - ANSWERSA device or set of devices that managed
commands directs or regulates the behaviour or other devices or system, bridges cyber
to physical, a device that can influence the real world
Relays - ANSWERSAn electrically operated switch. Complicated to configure
cumbersome and expensive
Pneumatics - ANSWERSThe technique of using gases for power transmission.
Control Loops - ANSWERScalculating and controlling an environment or process based
on feedback.
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) - ANSWERSa control loop feedback mechanism
(controller) widely used in industrial control systems. Calculates an error value as the
difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
Proportional - ANSWERSThe PID value that produces an output value that is
proportional to the current error value. The proportional response can be adjusted by
multiplying the error by a constant Kp, called the proportional gain constant.
Integral - ANSWERSThe PID value that is proportional to both the magnitude of the
error and the duration of the error. In a PID controller, it is the sum of the instantaneous
error over time and gives the accumulated offset that should have been corrected
previously. The accumulated error is then multiplied by the integral gain (K_i) and added
to the controller output.
Derivative - ANSWERSThis PID value in the process error is calculated by determining
the slope of the error over time and multiplying this rate of change by the derivative gain
Kd. The magnitude of the contribution of the derivative term to the overall control action
is termed the gain.
Fuzzy Logic - ANSWERSThe degrees of truth, Truth Value between 0 and 1 for various
factors. Values used to determine final operation
Devices - ANSWERSActuate things in order to process Stuff
Distributed Control System (DCS) - ANSWERSRefers to a control system of a process
plant and industrial process wherein control elements are not only located in central
location (like the brain) but are also distributed throughout the system with each
component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers so the intelligence is
,distributed across the sections of the plant. Follows hierarchy in its control philosophy
with various function spread across . Is a computerized control system used to
automate processes in various industries.
Process Control System (PCS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym PCS stand for?
Energy Management System (EMS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym EMS stand
for?
Building Management System (BMS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym BMS stand
for also know as BAS?
Safety Instrumented System (SIS) - ANSWERSConsists of an engineered set of
hardware and software controls which are especially used on critical process systems
where life safety, environmental or finanacial damange can occur.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) - ANSWERSWhat does the
acronym SCADA stand for?
SCADA - ANSWERSA system operating with coded signals over communication
channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one
communication channel per remote station).
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym MES
stand for?
Human Machine Interface (HMI) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym HMI stand for?
SHODAN - ANSWERSWebservice that allows you to put in Vendor and Model and will
show you IP addresses of where they can be reached
DMZ - ANSWERSProvides a series of function specific zones where services and data
can be shared between the zones. Added between levels of trust.
Business Zone - ANSWERSPurdue 4 and 5 Levels
Operations Zone - ANSWERSPurdue Levels 3,2,1,0
CIA - ANSWERSConfidentiality, Integrity, Availability
AIC - ANSWERSAvailability, Integrity, Confidentiality
Procurement Language Tool Kit - ANSWERSDHS - Designed to for asking technology
companies security questions when purchasing equipment
,PLC - ANSWERSa digital computer used for automation of typically industrial
electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines,
amusement rides, or light fixtures
Ladder Logic - ANSWERSoriginally a written method to document the design and
construction of relay racks as used in manufacturing and process control
RTU - ANSWERSRemote Terminal Unit / Remote Telemetry Unit
DPR (Digital Protective Relay) - ANSWERSDigital Protective Relay - Microcontroller
measuring voltages and currents
IED (Intelligent End Device) - ANSWERSIntelligent End Device - DPR is an example of
an IED
Phase Measurement Units (PMU) - ANSWERSMeasures the electrical waves on an
electrical grid using Time Sync
Data Concentrator - ANSWERSMultiport device for concentrating and redistributing I/O
data in SCADA
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - ANSWERSRuns on an embedded device for
scheduled processing of inputs. (usually round robin)
QNX - ANSWERSRTOS microkernel runs on MIPS, PowerPC, ARM,x86 owned by
blackberry
Microkernel - ANSWERSLow-level interface over hardware, minimum software to
provide control over hardware.
Monolithic Kernel - ANSWERSEntire OS working in Kernel space, high level interface,
lots of software over hardware.
VxWorks - ANSWERSRTOS Isolated Memory Space, often left with debug tools still
installed. Windriver
Windows CE - ANSWERSNOT a stripped down version of windows, Visual Studio
Development, includes Internet Explorer
Sensor Networks - ANSWERSI/O Racks Distributed. Insure proper process conditions
Field Device - ANSWERSValves, Solenoids, Pumps, Agitator, Burners and
Compressors. I/O
Digital I/O - ANSWERSValue communicated by simple On-or-Off signals. Relays,
Switches, and device Status.
, Analog I/O - ANSWERSValue communicated by varying Voltage or Current. Measure
Temperature, Pressure, Flow, Speed
Setpoints - ANSWERSDesired process output that a control system will aim to reach.
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) - ANSWERSMonitoring or remediate any situation
which may impact plant or personnel safety. Relief valve, ESD.
Communications Gateways - ANSWERSdata acquisition, storage, transmission, and
protocol conversion in ICS. RS232 or RS485 to TCP/IP
Front End Processing (FEP) - ANSWERSCommunicates to multiple RTUS using
multiple languages provides a single Modbus interface for all devices
Communication Integrity - ANSWERSMaintaining and assuring accuracy and
consistency of data over entire life cycle.
Scan Time - ANSWERSSCADA (1 sec to 1 min), DCS (0.05 sec to 1 sec), PCS (1ms to
1 sec), SIS (2ms to 1 sec)
System Size - ANSWERSSmall DCS (1 or 2 controllers, hundreds of I/O) Large DCS
(7+ controllers, thousands of I/O)
Industrial Ethernet - ANSWERSEthernet with rugged connectors and temp ranges /
TCP/IP more common today
MODBUS - ANSWERSOpen device protocol, Serial and Ethernet, Master-Slave, up to
247 devices
DNP3 - ANSWERSUtilities. Westronic. IEEE standard 1815-2012. 65,000 devices,
Event Time Stamping, Serial or Ethernet
OPC (OLE for Process Control) - ANSWERSProcess communication technology based
on OLE, is old Microsoft technology. Consolidate data. Unpredictable port usage over
network.
PROFIBUS - ANSWERSSiemens Fieldbus. PROFIBUS DP (Factory) PROFIBUS FMS
(Multi-Master, Peer-to-Peer) PROFIBUS PA
ICCP (Inter-Control Center Communications - ANSWERSCommunication between
electrical operators (ISOs) or utilities. No auth, No encryption. IEC 60870-6 / TASE.2
Wide Area Communications - ANSWERSMany ICS are geographical disparate.
Offshore rigs, electrical systems, pipelines
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT!!
Industrial Control System (ICS) - ANSWERSA device or set of devices that managed
commands directs or regulates the behaviour or other devices or system, bridges cyber
to physical, a device that can influence the real world
Relays - ANSWERSAn electrically operated switch. Complicated to configure
cumbersome and expensive
Pneumatics - ANSWERSThe technique of using gases for power transmission.
Control Loops - ANSWERScalculating and controlling an environment or process based
on feedback.
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) - ANSWERSa control loop feedback mechanism
(controller) widely used in industrial control systems. Calculates an error value as the
difference between a measured process variable and a desired setpoint.
Proportional - ANSWERSThe PID value that produces an output value that is
proportional to the current error value. The proportional response can be adjusted by
multiplying the error by a constant Kp, called the proportional gain constant.
Integral - ANSWERSThe PID value that is proportional to both the magnitude of the
error and the duration of the error. In a PID controller, it is the sum of the instantaneous
error over time and gives the accumulated offset that should have been corrected
previously. The accumulated error is then multiplied by the integral gain (K_i) and added
to the controller output.
Derivative - ANSWERSThis PID value in the process error is calculated by determining
the slope of the error over time and multiplying this rate of change by the derivative gain
Kd. The magnitude of the contribution of the derivative term to the overall control action
is termed the gain.
Fuzzy Logic - ANSWERSThe degrees of truth, Truth Value between 0 and 1 for various
factors. Values used to determine final operation
Devices - ANSWERSActuate things in order to process Stuff
Distributed Control System (DCS) - ANSWERSRefers to a control system of a process
plant and industrial process wherein control elements are not only located in central
location (like the brain) but are also distributed throughout the system with each
component sub-system controlled by one or more controllers so the intelligence is
,distributed across the sections of the plant. Follows hierarchy in its control philosophy
with various function spread across . Is a computerized control system used to
automate processes in various industries.
Process Control System (PCS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym PCS stand for?
Energy Management System (EMS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym EMS stand
for?
Building Management System (BMS) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym BMS stand
for also know as BAS?
Safety Instrumented System (SIS) - ANSWERSConsists of an engineered set of
hardware and software controls which are especially used on critical process systems
where life safety, environmental or finanacial damange can occur.
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) - ANSWERSWhat does the
acronym SCADA stand for?
SCADA - ANSWERSA system operating with coded signals over communication
channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one
communication channel per remote station).
Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym MES
stand for?
Human Machine Interface (HMI) - ANSWERSWhat does the acronym HMI stand for?
SHODAN - ANSWERSWebservice that allows you to put in Vendor and Model and will
show you IP addresses of where they can be reached
DMZ - ANSWERSProvides a series of function specific zones where services and data
can be shared between the zones. Added between levels of trust.
Business Zone - ANSWERSPurdue 4 and 5 Levels
Operations Zone - ANSWERSPurdue Levels 3,2,1,0
CIA - ANSWERSConfidentiality, Integrity, Availability
AIC - ANSWERSAvailability, Integrity, Confidentiality
Procurement Language Tool Kit - ANSWERSDHS - Designed to for asking technology
companies security questions when purchasing equipment
,PLC - ANSWERSa digital computer used for automation of typically industrial
electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines,
amusement rides, or light fixtures
Ladder Logic - ANSWERSoriginally a written method to document the design and
construction of relay racks as used in manufacturing and process control
RTU - ANSWERSRemote Terminal Unit / Remote Telemetry Unit
DPR (Digital Protective Relay) - ANSWERSDigital Protective Relay - Microcontroller
measuring voltages and currents
IED (Intelligent End Device) - ANSWERSIntelligent End Device - DPR is an example of
an IED
Phase Measurement Units (PMU) - ANSWERSMeasures the electrical waves on an
electrical grid using Time Sync
Data Concentrator - ANSWERSMultiport device for concentrating and redistributing I/O
data in SCADA
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) - ANSWERSRuns on an embedded device for
scheduled processing of inputs. (usually round robin)
QNX - ANSWERSRTOS microkernel runs on MIPS, PowerPC, ARM,x86 owned by
blackberry
Microkernel - ANSWERSLow-level interface over hardware, minimum software to
provide control over hardware.
Monolithic Kernel - ANSWERSEntire OS working in Kernel space, high level interface,
lots of software over hardware.
VxWorks - ANSWERSRTOS Isolated Memory Space, often left with debug tools still
installed. Windriver
Windows CE - ANSWERSNOT a stripped down version of windows, Visual Studio
Development, includes Internet Explorer
Sensor Networks - ANSWERSI/O Racks Distributed. Insure proper process conditions
Field Device - ANSWERSValves, Solenoids, Pumps, Agitator, Burners and
Compressors. I/O
Digital I/O - ANSWERSValue communicated by simple On-or-Off signals. Relays,
Switches, and device Status.
, Analog I/O - ANSWERSValue communicated by varying Voltage or Current. Measure
Temperature, Pressure, Flow, Speed
Setpoints - ANSWERSDesired process output that a control system will aim to reach.
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) - ANSWERSMonitoring or remediate any situation
which may impact plant or personnel safety. Relief valve, ESD.
Communications Gateways - ANSWERSdata acquisition, storage, transmission, and
protocol conversion in ICS. RS232 or RS485 to TCP/IP
Front End Processing (FEP) - ANSWERSCommunicates to multiple RTUS using
multiple languages provides a single Modbus interface for all devices
Communication Integrity - ANSWERSMaintaining and assuring accuracy and
consistency of data over entire life cycle.
Scan Time - ANSWERSSCADA (1 sec to 1 min), DCS (0.05 sec to 1 sec), PCS (1ms to
1 sec), SIS (2ms to 1 sec)
System Size - ANSWERSSmall DCS (1 or 2 controllers, hundreds of I/O) Large DCS
(7+ controllers, thousands of I/O)
Industrial Ethernet - ANSWERSEthernet with rugged connectors and temp ranges /
TCP/IP more common today
MODBUS - ANSWERSOpen device protocol, Serial and Ethernet, Master-Slave, up to
247 devices
DNP3 - ANSWERSUtilities. Westronic. IEEE standard 1815-2012. 65,000 devices,
Event Time Stamping, Serial or Ethernet
OPC (OLE for Process Control) - ANSWERSProcess communication technology based
on OLE, is old Microsoft technology. Consolidate data. Unpredictable port usage over
network.
PROFIBUS - ANSWERSSiemens Fieldbus. PROFIBUS DP (Factory) PROFIBUS FMS
(Multi-Master, Peer-to-Peer) PROFIBUS PA
ICCP (Inter-Control Center Communications - ANSWERSCommunication between
electrical operators (ISOs) or utilities. No auth, No encryption. IEC 60870-6 / TASE.2
Wide Area Communications - ANSWERSMany ICS are geographical disparate.
Offshore rigs, electrical systems, pipelines
