Module 7 Exam Questions And Answers

The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension about foods that are low in sodium. Which menu selections by the client indicate to the nurse that the client understands what has been taught? - ANS Spaghetti with fresh tomatoes Grilled chicken with turnip greens A nurse has provided dietary instructions to a client with a new diagnosis of gout. Which menu suggestions by the client indicate to the nurse that the client needs additional instruction? - ANS Scallops Chicken Liver A clear liquid diet has been prescribed for client who has just undergone surgery. Which foods should the nurse offer to the client? - ANS Apple juice Chicken broth Orange gelatin Triamterene has been prescribed for a client with a history of hypertension. Which fruits should the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat while taking this medication? - ANS Prunes Avocados Nectarines Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, so the client should avoid foods high in potassium. Fruits that are naturally high in potassium include dried prunes, avocado, bananas, fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, and papayas. Diverticulitis has been diagnosed in a client who has been experiencing episodes of gastrointestinal cramping. The nurse should tell the client to maintain which type of diet, during the asymptomatic period? - ANS High in Fiber When a client's diverticulitis is asymptomatic, a soft high-fiber diet containing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. The client is also instructed to consume a small amount of bran daily and to take bulk-forming laxatives, if prescribed, to increase stool mass and softness. Increasing fluid intake to 2500 to 3000 mL daily (unless contraindicated) is also important. A low-fat diet may be healthy but is not specific to this disorder. A high-carbohydrate diet is not helpful for the client with this condition. A nurse is teaching a client with heart disease about a low-fat diet. Which foods should the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? Select all that apply. - ANS Avocados Green olives Cream cheese A client with atrial fibrillation has been placed on warfarin sodium. As part of the instructions for the medication, which foods does the nurse tell the client are acceptable to eat? - ANS Spinach Broccoli Cabbage in vitamin K. A regular diet has been prescribed for a client with a leg fracture who has been placed in skeletal traction. Which foods that will promote wound healing does the nurse encourage the client to select from the hospital menu? - ANS Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, milk Protein and vitamin C are necessary for wound healing. Poultry and milk are good sources of protein. Broccoli and strawberries are good sources of vitamin C. Peanut butter is a source of niacin. Gelatin, jelly, tea, and ginger ale have no nutritional value. Pasta, rice, and bread deliver complex carbohydrates. Spare ribs may contain some protein but are high in fat. A client who experienced a stroke (brain attack) is experiencing residual dysphagia. Which foods should the nurse remove from the client's meal tray? - ANS Peas In general, flavorful, warm, or well-chilled foods with texture stimulate the swallow reflex. Moist pastas, casseroles, egg dishes, and potatoes are usually well tolerated. Raw vegetables, chunky vegetables such as diced beets, stringy vegetables, and those with skin, such as corn and peas are foods commonly excluded from the diet of a client with dysphagia. A client recovering from acute renal failure is being discharged home. The nurse knows that the client understands the therapeutic dietary regimen when the client states that he will plan to eat foods that are low in which nutrient? - ANS potassium A client is resuming eating after undergoing partial gastrectomy. What measures should the nurse tell the client to take to minimize the risk of complications? - ANS Drinking liquids with meals A client with renal calculi is instructed to follow an alkaline ash diet. Which menu choice by the client indicates to the nurse that the client understands the prescribed regimen? - ANS Spinach salad, milk, and a banana A client who has sustained multiple fractures of the left leg is in skeletal traction. The nurse has obtained an overhead trapeze to improve the client's bed mobility. To which high-risk area must the nurse pay particular attention during assessment for indications of pressure and skin breakdown? - ANS Right Heel Certain areas are under pressure and at risk for breakdown in the client who is in skeletal traction. These areas include the elbows (if they are used for repositioning instead of a trapeze) and the heel of the good leg, which is used as a brace when the client pushes up from the bed). Other such pressure points include the ischial tuberosity, popliteal space, and Achilles tendon. Which food should the nurse offer to a client who has been prescribed a full liquid diet? - ANS Cooked custard A full liquid diet consists of liquid foods that are clear or opaque liquid foods, including those that are liquid at room temperature. Cooked custard is allowed on a full liquid diet. Toast and a bagel are allowed on a regular diet (a diet with no restrictions). Scrambled eggs are allowed on a soft diet. A client with heart failure and hypertension who has been admitted to the hospital is unable to make her own selections from the menu. Which meals does the nurse select for the client's supper on the day of admission? - ANS Turkey, baked potato, salad with oil and vinegar The nurse teaches a client who has begun taking phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), about the medication. Which foods are allowed in the diet of the client taking phenelzine? - ANS Peas Broccoli Potatoes Because phenelzine is an MAOI, the client should avoid foods that are high in tyramine, which could trigger a potentially fatal hypertensive crisis. Foods to avoid include aged cheeses, smoked or processed meats, red wines, beer, and certain fruits, including avocados, raisins, and figs. Vegetables, with the exception of broad-bean pods, are generally acceptable. A client with a genitourinary tract infection has been prescribed metronidazole and fluid therapy. The nurse concludes that the client understands the dietary regimen to be followed while taking the medication when the client states to eliminate which from the diet? - ANS Alcohol A disulfiram-type reaction may result when someone taking metronidazole ingests alcohol. This syndrome includes flushing, palpitations, shortness of breath, severe headache, and nausea. To help prevent this reaction, the nurse must warn the client not to drink alcohol while taking this medication.