©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ANAT 380 Module 2A & 2B (Abdomen)
Exam Questions And Answers
What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females? - Answers✔round lig of the uterus, ilioinguinal
nerve (are the only ones mentioned in these notes but also the cremaster)
what is the esophagus?? what are the subdivisions and where do they occur? - Answers✔continuous
musclular tube that attaches the pharynx to the stomach - subdivided depending on region into 3 parts
which are cervical, thoracic and abdominal. The abdominal esophagus is 1-2.5cm from esophageal
hiatus (T10) and terminating at stomach
where is the esophagus in respect to the trachea?? - Answers✔esophagus is posterior to the tracjea
what is the lower esophageal sphincter?? - Answers✔Bw abdominal esophagus and stomach is smooth
muscular gateway. The LES prevents reflux (backwards flow of contents in the body)
Is under involuntary control opening and closing as a bolus passes from esophagus to stomach
what part of the stomach allows for expansion?? - Answers✔the rugae (folds) - accommodating for the
quantity of food
what is the name for the distal part of the stomach where the stomach walls narrow?? -
Answers✔pyloric orrifice
what is the pyloric sphincter?? - Answers✔Analogous to the LES the pylorus has a gateway, the pyloric
sphincter, which controls the movement of content from the stomach (chyme) into the duodenum. This
sphincter is also under autonomic control
is the stomach intra or retroperitoneal?? - Answers✔intraperitoneal - (completely enveloped by visceral
peritoneum, which covers the organs both anteriorly and posteriorly.)
what is the blood supply to the stomach?? - Answers✔stomach = foregut = celiac trunk ->
- receives blood from right and left gastric arteries which join at the lesser curvature
- The right and left gastro-epiploic arteries anastomose at the greater curvature of the stomach. The
larger vascular network ensures that the stomach receives sufficient blood supply without depriving
other organs
where do the small intestines run? - Answers✔from the pyloric orifice to the ileocecal junction
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
are the small intestines intra or retro peritoneal?? - Answers✔Intraperitoneal except the proximal part
of the duodenum is retroperitoneal (not associated w visceral peritoneum, only covered in parietal
peritoneum and that peritoneum only covers the anterior surface)
how large is the duodenum? - Answers✔shortest part of the small intestines
what occurs in the superior duodenum? - Answers✔only portion of the duodenum that is
intraperitoneal. Bile duct and gastroduodenal artery pass posterior to this section
What occurs in the descending duodenum? - Answers✔Runs vertically, passing anterior to the hilum of
the right kidney. This region contains an important opening , the major duodenal papilla, which is the
site where the hepatopancreatic ampulla (this duct is the union of the common bile duct and the
pancreatic duct) (of Vater) drains into the duodenum
what are the contents of the inguinal canal in males? - Answers✔spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve (only
ones mentioned in notes but also vas deferens, testicular vasculature and cremaster)
what is the round ligament of the uterus? - Answers✔fibromuscular band attached to the uterus on
either side in front of and below the opening of the fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal
canal to the labia majora
what does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in men and women? - Answers✔women: mons pubis and labia
majora
men: skin of upper scrotum and root of the penis
Both: skin of adjacent upper thigh
what is the spermatic cord? - Answers✔a collection of vessels, nerves and ducts that run from the
abdomen through the inguinal canal and to the testes
what is the posterior abdominal wall?? - Answers✔musculoskeletal wall with numerous blood vessels
and nerves supplying it.
How is the posterior abdominal wall divided? - Answers✔Divided into superior and inferior portions
The posterior abdominal wall is bordered superiorly by the diaphragm. Muscular extensions of the
diaphragm known as the left and right crus, insert into the lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and the smaller left
cura originates from the bodies of lumbar vertebrae 1-2
what makes up the inferior abdominal wall - Answers✔3 major paired muscles - psoas major, iliacus and
QL
Where does the iliopsoas originate and insert? - Answers✔origin: lumbar vertebrae
insertion: greater trochanter
where does the QL origin and insert? - Answers✔origin: iliac crest
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ANAT 380 Module 2A & 2B (Abdomen)
Exam Questions And Answers
What are the contents of the inguinal canal in females? - Answers✔round lig of the uterus, ilioinguinal
nerve (are the only ones mentioned in these notes but also the cremaster)
what is the esophagus?? what are the subdivisions and where do they occur? - Answers✔continuous
musclular tube that attaches the pharynx to the stomach - subdivided depending on region into 3 parts
which are cervical, thoracic and abdominal. The abdominal esophagus is 1-2.5cm from esophageal
hiatus (T10) and terminating at stomach
where is the esophagus in respect to the trachea?? - Answers✔esophagus is posterior to the tracjea
what is the lower esophageal sphincter?? - Answers✔Bw abdominal esophagus and stomach is smooth
muscular gateway. The LES prevents reflux (backwards flow of contents in the body)
Is under involuntary control opening and closing as a bolus passes from esophagus to stomach
what part of the stomach allows for expansion?? - Answers✔the rugae (folds) - accommodating for the
quantity of food
what is the name for the distal part of the stomach where the stomach walls narrow?? -
Answers✔pyloric orrifice
what is the pyloric sphincter?? - Answers✔Analogous to the LES the pylorus has a gateway, the pyloric
sphincter, which controls the movement of content from the stomach (chyme) into the duodenum. This
sphincter is also under autonomic control
is the stomach intra or retroperitoneal?? - Answers✔intraperitoneal - (completely enveloped by visceral
peritoneum, which covers the organs both anteriorly and posteriorly.)
what is the blood supply to the stomach?? - Answers✔stomach = foregut = celiac trunk ->
- receives blood from right and left gastric arteries which join at the lesser curvature
- The right and left gastro-epiploic arteries anastomose at the greater curvature of the stomach. The
larger vascular network ensures that the stomach receives sufficient blood supply without depriving
other organs
where do the small intestines run? - Answers✔from the pyloric orifice to the ileocecal junction
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
are the small intestines intra or retro peritoneal?? - Answers✔Intraperitoneal except the proximal part
of the duodenum is retroperitoneal (not associated w visceral peritoneum, only covered in parietal
peritoneum and that peritoneum only covers the anterior surface)
how large is the duodenum? - Answers✔shortest part of the small intestines
what occurs in the superior duodenum? - Answers✔only portion of the duodenum that is
intraperitoneal. Bile duct and gastroduodenal artery pass posterior to this section
What occurs in the descending duodenum? - Answers✔Runs vertically, passing anterior to the hilum of
the right kidney. This region contains an important opening , the major duodenal papilla, which is the
site where the hepatopancreatic ampulla (this duct is the union of the common bile duct and the
pancreatic duct) (of Vater) drains into the duodenum
what are the contents of the inguinal canal in males? - Answers✔spermatic cord, ilioinguinal nerve (only
ones mentioned in notes but also vas deferens, testicular vasculature and cremaster)
what is the round ligament of the uterus? - Answers✔fibromuscular band attached to the uterus on
either side in front of and below the opening of the fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal
canal to the labia majora
what does the ilioinguinal nerve supply in men and women? - Answers✔women: mons pubis and labia
majora
men: skin of upper scrotum and root of the penis
Both: skin of adjacent upper thigh
what is the spermatic cord? - Answers✔a collection of vessels, nerves and ducts that run from the
abdomen through the inguinal canal and to the testes
what is the posterior abdominal wall?? - Answers✔musculoskeletal wall with numerous blood vessels
and nerves supplying it.
How is the posterior abdominal wall divided? - Answers✔Divided into superior and inferior portions
The posterior abdominal wall is bordered superiorly by the diaphragm. Muscular extensions of the
diaphragm known as the left and right crus, insert into the lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and the smaller left
cura originates from the bodies of lumbar vertebrae 1-2
what makes up the inferior abdominal wall - Answers✔3 major paired muscles - psoas major, iliacus and
QL
Where does the iliopsoas originate and insert? - Answers✔origin: lumbar vertebrae
insertion: greater trochanter
where does the QL origin and insert? - Answers✔origin: iliac crest
