EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY TEST
training overload
training program must stress the system at a level to which it is unaccustomed
overtraining
an accumulation of training stress that impairs an athlete's ability to perform training
sessions and results in long-term decrements of performance
overreaching
excessive training that leads to a short-term decrement in performance; with adequate
rest intervals between training sessions, this type of training can lead to improved
performance
specificity
the specific muscles involved in a particular movement, and the energy systems that
provide the ATP required to complete the movement under competitive conditions
reversibility of training
when an athlete stops training, the training effect is quickly lost
key elements physiological factors contribute to endurance performance
1) a high VO2 max
2) superior exercise economy/efficiency
3) a high lactate threshold and critical power
genotype
genetic makeup of an individual
genotype A
individuals that possess a relatively low VO2 max in the untrained state and, often, are
also "low responders" to exercise as training results in only small improvements in their
VO2 max
genotype E
ideal genetic makeup required for champion endurance athletes. Possess an elevated
VO2 max in untrained state and are commonly "high responders" to exercise training as
training can often increase their VO2 max by 50%
genotypes B-D
range of genetic differences that exist across the population.
training improvements in VO2 max
typically reaches a plateau within the first 24-30 months of training
training improvements to exercise economy
exercise training can improve exercise economy by as much as 15% during several
years of training
training improvements in lactate threshold and critical power
training improvements in both lactate threshold and critical power can reach
approximately 30% during 10 years of exercise training
general objective of sport conditioning
to improve performance by increasing muscle force/power output, improving muscular
efficiency, and/or improving muscle endurance
training for men and women
, in general, men and women respond to conditioning in a similar fashion. The amount of
training improvements is always greater in those individuals who are less conditioned at
the onset of the training program
three components of a training session
1) warm-up
2) workout
3) cool down
two primary objectives of the warm-up
1) warm-up exercise increase cardiac output and blood flow to the skeletal muscles to
be used during the training session
2) warm-up results in an increase in muscle temperature, which elevates muscle
enzyme activity
objective of the cool down
return blood that may begin to pool in the veins of excised skeletal muscles back to the
central circulation
three principle aerobic training methods used by athletes
1) interval training
2) long, slow distance (low-intensity)
3) high-intensity, continuous exercise
critical power
a specific sub maximal power output that can be maintained without fatigue.
Represents an exercise intensity that is above the lactate threshold
exercise economy
the measurement of the energy cost of horizontal running (ex: running on a level
treadmill)
work interval
in interval training, the duration of the work phase of each work-to-rest interval
interval training
involves the performance of repeated exercise bouts, with brief recovery periods
high intensity vs low intensity interval training
high-intensity intervals are more effective in improving aerobic power, and perhaps
lactate threshold, than low-intensity intervals
likely due to recruitment of fast-twitch (IIa and Iix) fibers during this type of high-intensity
exercise
high intensity interval training (HIIT)
an interval training approach where exercise is performed at or near maximal aerobic
capacity
intervals lasting 30-120 seconds
moderate intensity continuous training (MICT)
prescribed exercise of a continuous sub maximal intensity.
sprint interval training (SIT)
an interval training approach where exercise is performed at an intensity above maximal
aerobic capacity
supramaxisal intensity exercise
training overload
training program must stress the system at a level to which it is unaccustomed
overtraining
an accumulation of training stress that impairs an athlete's ability to perform training
sessions and results in long-term decrements of performance
overreaching
excessive training that leads to a short-term decrement in performance; with adequate
rest intervals between training sessions, this type of training can lead to improved
performance
specificity
the specific muscles involved in a particular movement, and the energy systems that
provide the ATP required to complete the movement under competitive conditions
reversibility of training
when an athlete stops training, the training effect is quickly lost
key elements physiological factors contribute to endurance performance
1) a high VO2 max
2) superior exercise economy/efficiency
3) a high lactate threshold and critical power
genotype
genetic makeup of an individual
genotype A
individuals that possess a relatively low VO2 max in the untrained state and, often, are
also "low responders" to exercise as training results in only small improvements in their
VO2 max
genotype E
ideal genetic makeup required for champion endurance athletes. Possess an elevated
VO2 max in untrained state and are commonly "high responders" to exercise training as
training can often increase their VO2 max by 50%
genotypes B-D
range of genetic differences that exist across the population.
training improvements in VO2 max
typically reaches a plateau within the first 24-30 months of training
training improvements to exercise economy
exercise training can improve exercise economy by as much as 15% during several
years of training
training improvements in lactate threshold and critical power
training improvements in both lactate threshold and critical power can reach
approximately 30% during 10 years of exercise training
general objective of sport conditioning
to improve performance by increasing muscle force/power output, improving muscular
efficiency, and/or improving muscle endurance
training for men and women
, in general, men and women respond to conditioning in a similar fashion. The amount of
training improvements is always greater in those individuals who are less conditioned at
the onset of the training program
three components of a training session
1) warm-up
2) workout
3) cool down
two primary objectives of the warm-up
1) warm-up exercise increase cardiac output and blood flow to the skeletal muscles to
be used during the training session
2) warm-up results in an increase in muscle temperature, which elevates muscle
enzyme activity
objective of the cool down
return blood that may begin to pool in the veins of excised skeletal muscles back to the
central circulation
three principle aerobic training methods used by athletes
1) interval training
2) long, slow distance (low-intensity)
3) high-intensity, continuous exercise
critical power
a specific sub maximal power output that can be maintained without fatigue.
Represents an exercise intensity that is above the lactate threshold
exercise economy
the measurement of the energy cost of horizontal running (ex: running on a level
treadmill)
work interval
in interval training, the duration of the work phase of each work-to-rest interval
interval training
involves the performance of repeated exercise bouts, with brief recovery periods
high intensity vs low intensity interval training
high-intensity intervals are more effective in improving aerobic power, and perhaps
lactate threshold, than low-intensity intervals
likely due to recruitment of fast-twitch (IIa and Iix) fibers during this type of high-intensity
exercise
high intensity interval training (HIIT)
an interval training approach where exercise is performed at or near maximal aerobic
capacity
intervals lasting 30-120 seconds
moderate intensity continuous training (MICT)
prescribed exercise of a continuous sub maximal intensity.
sprint interval training (SIT)
an interval training approach where exercise is performed at an intensity above maximal
aerobic capacity
supramaxisal intensity exercise
