Pathophysiology 7th Edition Jacquelyn Banasik Test bank

Pathophysiology 7th Edition Jacquelyn Banasik Test Ban
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k.

,Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology Bana
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sik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLEoCHOICE

1. C.Q.owasorecentlyoexposedotoogroupoAohemolyticoStreptococcusoandosubsequentlyodevelopedoao
pharyngealoinfection.oHisoclinicoexaminationorevealsoanooralotemperatureoofo102.3°F,oskinorash,o
dysphagia,oandoreddenedothroatomucosaowithomultipleopustules.oHeocomplainsoofosoreothroat,om
alaise,oandojointostiffness.oAothroatocultureoisopositiveoforoStreptococcus,oandoantibioticsohaveobe
enoprescribed.oTheoetiologyoofoC.Q.’sodiseaseois
a. aosoreothroat.
b. streptococcaloinfection.
c. geneticosusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.

ANS:oB
Etiologyorefersotootheoproposedocauseoorocausesoofoaoparticularodiseaseoprocess.oAosoreothroatoisotheo
manifestationoofotheodiseaseoprocess.oGeneticosusceptibilityorefersotooinheritedotendencyotoodevelo
poaodisease.oPharyngitisorefersotooinflammationoofotheothroatoandoisoalsooaoclinicalomanifestationoofo
theodiseaseoprocess.

2. Ao17-year-oldocollege-
boundostudentoreceivesoaovaccineoagainstoanoorganismothatocausesomeningitis.oThisoisoanoe
xampleoof
a. primaryoprevention.
b. secondaryoprevention.
c. tertiaryoprevention.
d. diseaseotreatment.

ANS:oA
Primaryopreventionoisopreventionoofodiseaseobyoalteringosusceptibilityoororeducingoexposureoforos
usceptibleoindividuals,oinothisocaseobyoprovidingovaccination.oSecondaryopreventionoisotheoearlyo
detection,oscreening,oandomanagementoofotheodisease.oTertiaryopreventionoincludesorehabilitativ
eoandosupportiveocareoandoattemptsotooalleviateodisabilityoandorestoreoeffectiveofunctioning.oDise
aseotreatmentoinvolvesomanagementoofotheodiseaseoonceoitohasodeveloped.

3. Anoobeseobutootherwiseohealthyoteenoisogivenoaoprescriptionoforoaolow-
calorieodietoandoexerciseoprogram.oThisoisoanoexampleoof
a. primaryoprevention.
b. secondaryoprevention.
c. tertiaryoprevention.
d. diseaseotreatment.

ANS:oB
Secondaryopreventionoisotheoearlyodetection,oscreening,oandomanagementoofotheodiseaseosuchoasopr
escribingodietoandoexerciseoforoanoindividualowhoohasoalreadyodevelopedoobesity.oPrimaryoprevent
ionoisopreventionoofodiseaseobyoalteringosusceptibilityoororeducingoexposureoforosusceptibleoindivid
uals.oTertiaryopreventionoincludesorehabilitativeoandosupportiveocareoandoattemptsotooalleviateodisa
bilityoandorestoreoeffectiveofunctioning.oDiseaseotreatmentoinvolvesomanagementoofotheodiseaseoo
nceoitohasodeveloped.

,4. Aopatientowithohighobloodopressureowhooisootherwiseohealthyoisocounseledotoorestrictosodiumoi
ntake.oThisoisoanoexampleoof
a. primaryoprevention.
b. secondaryoprevention.
c. tertiaryoprevention.
d. diseaseotreatment.

ANS:oB
Secondaryopreventionoisotheoearlyodetection,oscreening,oandomanagementoofotheodisease,osuchoas
obyoprescribingosodiumorestrictionoforohigh obloodopressure.oPrimaryopreventionoisopreventionoofo

diseaseobyoalteringosusceptibilityoororeducingoexposureoforosusceptibleoindividuals.oTertiaryopre
ventionoincludesorehabilitativeoandosupportiveocareoandoattemptsotooalleviateodisabilityoandoresto
reoeffectiveofunctioning.oDiseaseotreatmentoinvolvesomanagementoofotheodiseaseoonceoitohasodev
eloped.

5. Afterosufferingoaoheartoattack,oaomiddle-agedomanoisocounseledotootakeoaocholesterol-
loweringomedication.oThisoisoanoexampleoof
a. primaryoprevention.
b. secondaryoprevention.
c. tertiaryoprevention.
d. diseaseotreatment.

ANS:oC
Tertiaryopreventionoincludesorehabilitativeoandosupportiveocareoandoattemptsotooalleviateodisabil
ityoandorestoreoeffectiveofunctioningosuchoasoprescribingoaocholesterol-
loweringomedicationofollowingoaoheartoattack.oPrimaryopreventionoisopreventionoofodiseaseobyoalt
eringosusceptibilityoororeducingoexposureoforosusceptibleoindividuals.oSecondaryopreventionoisot
heoearlyodetection,oscreening,oandomanagementoofotheodisease.oDiseaseotreatmentoinvolvesomana
gementoofotheodiseaseoonceoitohasodeveloped.

6. Aopatientohasobeenoexposedotoomeningococcalomeningitis,obutoisonotoyetodemonstratingosignsoofot
hisodisease.oThisostageoofoillnessoisocalledothe stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence

ANS:oB
Incubationorefersotootheointervalobetweenoexposureoofoaotissueotooanoinjuriousoagentoandotheofirstoa
ppearanceoofosignsoandosymptoms.oInoinfectiousodiseases,othisoperiodoisooftenocalledotheoincubati
ono(latent)operiod.oProdromalorefersotootheoappearanceoofotheofirstosignsoandosymptomsoindicatin
gotheoonsetoofoaodisease.oTheseoareooftenononspecific,osuchoasoheadache,omalaise,oanorexia,oandon
ausea,owhichoareoassociatedowithoaonumberoofodifferentodiseases.oSequelaorefersotoosubsequentop
athologicoconditionoresultingofromoaodisease.oConvalescenceoisotheostageooforecoveryoafteroaodise
ase,oinjury,oorosurgicalooperation.

7. Aodiseaseothatoisonativeotooaoparticularoregionoisocalled
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.

, ANS:oB
Aodiseaseothatoisonativeotooaoparticularoregionoisocalledoendemic.oAnoepidemicoisoaodiseaseothatospre
adsotoomanyoindividualsoatotheosameotime.oPandemicsoareoepidemicsothatoaffectolargeogeographicor
egions,operhapsospreadingoworldwide.oEthnographicodoesonotodescribeoaodiseaseodistributionopatte
rn.

8. Inogeneral,owithoaging,oorganosizeoandofunction
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remainotheosame.
d. areounknown.

ANS:oB
Inogeneral,owithoaging,oorganosizeoandofunctionodecrease.

9. Theostageoduringowhichotheopatientofunctionsonormally,oalthoughotheodiseaseoprocessesoareowelloe
stablished,oisoreferredotooas
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:oB
Theostageoduringowhichotheopatientofunctionsonormally,oalthoughotheodiseaseoprocessesoareowelloe
stablished,oisocalledotheosubclinicalostage.oTheointervalobetweenoexposureoofoaotissueotooanoinjuri
ousoagentoandotheofirstoappearanceoofosignsoandosymptomsomayobeocalledoaolatentoperiodoor,oinoth
eocaseoofoinfectiousodiseases,oanoincubationoperiod.oTheoprodromaloperiod,ooroprodrome,orefersot
ootheoappearanceoofotheofirstosignsoandosymptomsoindicatingotheoonsetoofoaodisease.oConvalescen
ceoisotheostageooforecoveryoafteroaodisease,oinjury,oorosurgicalooperation.

MULTIPLEoRESPONSE

1. Youropatient’soredobloodocellocountoisoslightlyoelevatedotoday.oThisomightobeoexplainedobyo(
Selectoallothatoapply.)
a. genderodifference.
b. situationalofactors.
c. normalovariation.
d. culturalovariation.
e. illness.

ANS:oA,oB,oC,oE
Gender,osituationso(e.g.,oaltitude),onormalovariations,oandoillnessomayoallodetermineoredobloodocel
locount.oCultureoaffectsohowomanifestationsoareoperceivedo(normaloversusoabnormal).

2. Socioeconomicofactorsoinfluenceodiseaseodevelopmentobecauseoofo(Selectoallothatoapply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmentalotoxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.