TEST BANK Applied Statistics II 3rd Edition
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,Chapter 1: The New Statistics tt tt tt tt
Multiple Choice tt
1. A variable that is statistically controlled in an analysis is a(n)
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a. an independent variable tt tt
b. a dependent variable
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c. a covariate
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d. a manipulated
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variableAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.1: Required tt tt tt
BackgroundDifficulty Level: Easy
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2. In past years, many investigators have failed to report
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a. the effect size tt tt
b. the sample sizes tt tt
c. descriptive statistics tt
d. obtained p tt
valuesAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New tt tt tt tt tt tt
Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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3. A primary concern of investigators has been, and often still is, obtaining a p value of
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. t
a. .10tt
b. .05tt
c. .01tt
d. .000
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Ans: B tt
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New tt tt tt tt tt tt
Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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4. A major change advocated by New Statistics is
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a. reduced emphasis on effect size tt tt tt tt
b. focus on the results of single studies tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. not reporting confidence intervals
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d. understanding the limitations of significance tt tt tt tt
testsAns: D
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,Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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5. A primary change proposed by advocates of New Statistics involves
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summarizingeffect sizes from a number of studies using
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a. Bayesian statistics tt
b. meta-analysis
c. multivariate analysis tt
d. descriptive
statisticsAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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6. An emphasis of New Statistics is
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a. using increasingly precise p values
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b. developing new methods of statistical analysis tt tt tt tt tt
c. reducing emphasis on confidence interval interpretation tt tt tt tt tt
d. adopting a more critical perspective when considering tt tt tt tt tt tt
significanceAns: D
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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7. Which of the following types of information is provided to investigators by NHST?
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a. whether the hypothesis of the study has been proven tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. the probability that the research hypothesis is true
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c. the probability of obtaining results about the H0 based on one sample
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d. the exact probability of obtaining the same results on
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replicationAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Hard
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8. When reading an article that reports the results of multiple statistical tests,
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readersshould remember that multiple tests .
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a. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type I errors
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b. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type II errors
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c. enhance understanding of cause and effect relationships tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. provide reliable information about the size and importance of
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effectsAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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, 9. An advocate of New Statistics would object to a research report that included
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astatement like the
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a. results of our study are consistent with a recent meta-analysis tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. significant results should be interpreted cautiously due to the large sample size tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. results of our study approached statistical significance tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. results of our study provide support for our initial tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
hypothesisAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p tt tt tt tt tt tt
ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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10. If a statistical analysis yields p = .03, a research report can include a statement like
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tt .
a. the results of our study are likely to be replicated
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b. the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of our study
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c. there is a 97% chance that the null hypothesis of our study is false
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d. the results of our study cannot be explained by
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chanceAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p tt tt tt tt tt tt
ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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11. An advocate of New Statistics would support a p value reported as
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.a. p = .0000 t tt tt tt
b. p < .01tt tt tt
c. p < .05tt tt tt
d. p = .025
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Ans: D tt
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST tt tt tt tt tt
LogicDifficulty Level: Easy
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12. A problem with NHST logic is that it
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a. eliminates the need to think in terms of double negatives tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. encourages investigators to describe study results in terms of uncertainty tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. cannot tell investigators what they want to know tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. is used consistently and correctly in the majority of
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studiesAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Comprehension tt tt
Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST tt tt tt tt tt
LogicDifficulty Level: Medium
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13. An important assumption underlying the use of an independent samples t test
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orone-way ANOVA is that
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a. the grouping variables are normally distributed in the population
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tt tt tt tt tt tt
,Chapter 1: The New Statistics tt tt tt tt
Multiple Choice tt
1. A variable that is statistically controlled in an analysis is a(n)
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a. an independent variable tt tt
b. a dependent variable
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c. a covariate
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d. a manipulated
tt
variableAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.1: Required tt tt tt
BackgroundDifficulty Level: Easy
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2. In past years, many investigators have failed to report
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a. the effect size tt tt
b. the sample sizes tt tt
c. descriptive statistics tt
d. obtained p tt
valuesAns: A
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New tt tt tt tt tt tt
Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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3. A primary concern of investigators has been, and often still is, obtaining a p value of
tt
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. t
a. .10tt
b. .05tt
c. .01tt
d. .000
tt
Ans: B tt
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New tt tt tt tt tt tt
Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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4. A major change advocated by New Statistics is
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a. reduced emphasis on effect size tt tt tt tt
b. focus on the results of single studies tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. not reporting confidence intervals
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d. understanding the limitations of significance tt tt tt tt
testsAns: D
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,Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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5. A primary change proposed by advocates of New Statistics involves
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summarizingeffect sizes from a number of studies using
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a. Bayesian statistics tt
b. meta-analysis
c. multivariate analysis tt
d. descriptive
statisticsAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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6. An emphasis of New Statistics is
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a. using increasingly precise p values
tt tt tt tt
b. developing new methods of statistical analysis tt tt tt tt tt
c. reducing emphasis on confidence interval interpretation tt tt tt tt tt
d. adopting a more critical perspective when considering tt tt tt tt tt tt
significanceAns: D
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Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.2: What Is the “New
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Statistics”?Difficulty Level: Easy
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7. Which of the following types of information is provided to investigators by NHST?
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a. whether the hypothesis of the study has been proven tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. the probability that the research hypothesis is true
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. the probability of obtaining results about the H0 based on one sample
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. the exact probability of obtaining the same results on
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
replicationAns: C
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Cognitive Domain: Analysis tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
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ValuesDifficulty Level: Hard
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8. When reading an article that reports the results of multiple statistical tests,
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readersshould remember that multiple tests .
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a. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type I errors
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. provide inaccurate information about the risks of Type II errors
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. enhance understanding of cause and effect relationships tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. provide reliable information about the size and importance of
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
effectsAns: A
tt t tt
Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p
tt tt tt tt tt tt
ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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, 9. An advocate of New Statistics would object to a research report that included
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astatement like the
tt t . tt tt
a. results of our study are consistent with a recent meta-analysis tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. significant results should be interpreted cautiously due to the large sample size tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. results of our study approached statistical significance tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. results of our study provide support for our initial tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
hypothesisAns: C
tt t tt
Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p tt tt tt tt tt tt
ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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10. If a statistical analysis yields p = .03, a research report can include a statement like
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tt .
a. the results of our study are likely to be replicated
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b. the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of our study
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c. there is a 97% chance that the null hypothesis of our study is false
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d. the results of our study cannot be explained by
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chanceAns: B
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Cognitive Domain: Application tt tt
Answer Location: 1.3: Common Misinterpretations of p tt tt tt tt tt tt
ValuesDifficulty Level: Medium
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11. An advocate of New Statistics would support a p value reported as
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.a. p = .0000 t tt tt tt
b. p < .01tt tt tt
c. p < .05tt tt tt
d. p = .025
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Ans: D tt
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge tt tt
Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST tt tt tt tt tt
LogicDifficulty Level: Easy
tt t tt tt
12. A problem with NHST logic is that it
tt . tt tt tt tt tt tt
a. eliminates the need to think in terms of double negatives tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
b. encourages investigators to describe study results in terms of uncertainty tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
c. cannot tell investigators what they want to know tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
d. is used consistently and correctly in the majority of
tt tt tt tt tt tt tt tt
studiesAns: C
tt t tt
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension tt tt
Answer Location: 1.4: Problems with NHST tt tt tt tt tt
LogicDifficulty Level: Medium
tt t tt tt
13. An important assumption underlying the use of an independent samples t test
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orone-way ANOVA is that
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a. the grouping variables are normally distributed in the population
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