Microbiology Ch 1,2,3 & 7 - Test 1 UTA
Exam Q’s and A’s
Miasma Theory - -The theory that diseases were caused by miasma or bad
air arising from organic decay, filth, or other conditions of the local
environment.
- •Leprosy in the Bible - -refers to the practice of quarantining people with
leprosy and other diseases, suggesting that people understood that diseases
could be communicable.
- •Roman sewage system - -disease to bad air, mal'aria, which they called
"miasmatic odors."
- Hippocrates (460-377 BC) - -Greek physician; "father of medicine"
- Thucydides (460-395 BC) - -concept of immunity.
- Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.) - -propose the concept that things we
cannot see (what we now call microorganisms) can cause disease.
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - -"father of microbiology", Dutch
linen merchant, first to observe living microbes, single-lens magnified up to
300X
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - -Showed microbes caused fermentation and
spoilage
Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
Developed pasteurization
Demonstrated what is now known as Germ Theory of Disease
•microbe food spoilage = human spoilage
- Robert Koch (1843-1910) - -used the culture-plate method for isolating
bacteria and demonstrated how cholera was transmitted by food and water;
his discovery changed the way health departments cared for persons with
infectious disease
- Wavelength - -The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
- Amplitude - -the height of a wave's crest
- Frequency - -the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a
given time
, - •Energy of waves - -interact with materials by being reflected, absorbed, or
transmitted.
- Reflection - -the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the
ray hits a surface that it does not go through
- absorbance - --occurs when a material captures the energy of a light wave.
- transmission - -the passage of light through an object
- interference - -the combination of two or more waves that results in a
single wave
- Diffraction - -The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or
passes through a narrow opening
- Refraction - -Bending of light
- refractive index - -The extent to which a material slows transmission speed
relative to empty space.
- •dispersion - -This separation of colors.
- florescence - -absorb ultraviolet or blue light and then use the energy to
emit photons of a different color, giving off light rather than simply vibrating.
- phosphorescence - -the photons may be emitted following a delay after
absorption.
- concave lens - -redirect the light path.
- convex lens - -range than the human eye, producing a larger image.
- image point - -collects all of the light that strikes it and refracts it so that it
all meets at a single point.
- focal point - -the point at which rays parallel to the optical axis reflect and
meet
- focal length - -the distance from the center of a lens to the focal point
- brightfield microscope - -widely used, bright background and dark
specimen
- darkfield microscopy - -dark background and light specimen, live
organisms
Exam Q’s and A’s
Miasma Theory - -The theory that diseases were caused by miasma or bad
air arising from organic decay, filth, or other conditions of the local
environment.
- •Leprosy in the Bible - -refers to the practice of quarantining people with
leprosy and other diseases, suggesting that people understood that diseases
could be communicable.
- •Roman sewage system - -disease to bad air, mal'aria, which they called
"miasmatic odors."
- Hippocrates (460-377 BC) - -Greek physician; "father of medicine"
- Thucydides (460-395 BC) - -concept of immunity.
- Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27 B.C.) - -propose the concept that things we
cannot see (what we now call microorganisms) can cause disease.
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - -"father of microbiology", Dutch
linen merchant, first to observe living microbes, single-lens magnified up to
300X
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) - -Showed microbes caused fermentation and
spoilage
Disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms
Developed pasteurization
Demonstrated what is now known as Germ Theory of Disease
•microbe food spoilage = human spoilage
- Robert Koch (1843-1910) - -used the culture-plate method for isolating
bacteria and demonstrated how cholera was transmitted by food and water;
his discovery changed the way health departments cared for persons with
infectious disease
- Wavelength - -The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave
- Amplitude - -the height of a wave's crest
- Frequency - -the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a
given time
, - •Energy of waves - -interact with materials by being reflected, absorbed, or
transmitted.
- Reflection - -the bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the
ray hits a surface that it does not go through
- absorbance - --occurs when a material captures the energy of a light wave.
- transmission - -the passage of light through an object
- interference - -the combination of two or more waves that results in a
single wave
- Diffraction - -The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or
passes through a narrow opening
- Refraction - -Bending of light
- refractive index - -The extent to which a material slows transmission speed
relative to empty space.
- •dispersion - -This separation of colors.
- florescence - -absorb ultraviolet or blue light and then use the energy to
emit photons of a different color, giving off light rather than simply vibrating.
- phosphorescence - -the photons may be emitted following a delay after
absorption.
- concave lens - -redirect the light path.
- convex lens - -range than the human eye, producing a larger image.
- image point - -collects all of the light that strikes it and refracts it so that it
all meets at a single point.
- focal point - -the point at which rays parallel to the optical axis reflect and
meet
- focal length - -the distance from the center of a lens to the focal point
- brightfield microscope - -widely used, bright background and dark
specimen
- darkfield microscopy - -dark background and light specimen, live
organisms
