FLS Written Exam Questions And Answers

FLS Written Exam Questions And Answers CO2 - ANSWER -readily absorbed, easily eliminated Increase end tidal CO2, increase arterial CO2 concentration, decrease serum ph, greatest change is seen in the first 20 minutes Nitric oxide - ANSWER -less acid base issues, can be tolerated in cardiopulmonary patients, slightly less postoperative pain Which has less light - 5 mm 30 degree lens or 10 mm 0 degree? - ANSWER -4 mm 30 degree What is monopolar used for? - ANSWER -small vessels Slow rate of bleeding Need a dry operative field What is bipolar rused for? - ANSWER -larger vessels Need a wet operative field Less lateral thermal spread - not good for capillary vessels Gas embolus - ANSWER -rare but can occur Seen less than 1 percent of the time Diagnose with severe hypotension, JVD, tachycardia, mill wheel murmur * need to rule out other sources of hypotension Most common sources of unrecognized bleeding - ANSWER -trocar injury of abdominal vessels, When does dissection occur? Temp above 600 degrees - ANSWER - Postoperative nausea/vomiting risk factors - ANSWER -female, young, previous issues, morning sickness, nonsmoker, procedural length, lower ASA classification, preoperative anxiety, prevention involves using anti emetics, limiting opioids if possible What is the most commonly used light source? - ANSWER -300 W xenon lamp What if there is initial low pressure and high flow rate at entry? - ANSWER -leak in insufflator circuit, make sure everything is plugged in correctly What does coagulation mode do? - ANSWER -rapid surface heating with shallow depth of necrosis, intermittent wave form with higher voltage Risks of monopolar - ANSWER -current can be diverted through unintentional pathways, leading to inadvertent tissue injury - don't use hybrid ports that mix metal with plastic Absolute contraindications to laparoscopy - ANSWER -- unable to tolerate laparotomy - hypovolemic shock - lack of surgeon training - no support @ hospital Relative contraindications to laparoscopy - ANSWER -- can't tolerate general anesthesia - long standing peritonitis - large abdominal/pelvic mass - massive hernia - severe cardiopulmonary disease Visceral artery aneurysm - ANSWER -risk of injury w/ trocar insertion Previous abdominal surgery scars can be an issue, may have intraperitoneal adhesions Why do you need a grounding pad for monopolar? - ANSWER -capacitative coupling - transfer of energy between two conductors separated by insulator, transfer to passive electrode. Can release with tissue injury but no issue if ground plate working as capacitor - can't store the charge Benefits of bipolar energy - ANSWER -lower energy, producing less lateral tissue damage and necrosis - DONT need a grounding pad Risks of bipolar energy - ANSWER -risk of cutting patient vessels before adequate sealing, device doesn't work if metal between the jars Risks of ultrasonic dissection (harmonic) - ANSWER -active blade can injure something due to high frequency (50 mhz) Do you discontinue aspirin the day of surgery? - ANSWER -no How to enter in patient with bowel obsturction - ANSWER -direct visualizatio