MFT EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Classical Conditioning: - ANSWER A learning paradigm studied and practised
in a laboratory or other controlled environment in which a stimulus called the
unconditioned stimulus (US) which naturally elicits an unconditioned response
(UCR), is paired with a neutral stimulus that does not initially elicit a response.
Through the repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus (now the conditioned
stimulus - CS) begins to elicit the desired response (now the conditioned
response - CR).
Coercion (Aversive Control): - ANSWER From behavioral family therapy,
one person uses aversive stimuli to control the behavior of another.
Coaching - ANSWER In Bowenian therapy (used by other models as well),
the use of an objective person, such as the therapist, to guide a family member
to interact with other members in new ways and prevent the family from
seducing the person back into older, dysfunctional behaviors. The therapist
takes an educative role, rather than an emotional one.
Sibling Position: - ANSWER Bowen theory adopts the work of psychologist
Walter Toman as the basis for its own concept of sibling position. Bowen did
observe the influence of sibling position on development and behavior in his
family research. However, he found Toman's work so comprehensive and in
harmony with his thinking that he adopted it into his theory. The basic idea is
that people who grow up in the same sibling position predictably have important
common characteristics. For example, oldest children tend to gravitate to
leadership positions and youngest children often prefer to be followers. The
characteristics of one position are not "better" than those of another position, but
are complementary. For instance, a boss who is an oldest child may work
unusually well with a first assistant who is a youngest child. Youngest children
may like to be in charge but their leadership style typically differs from an
oldest's style. (From the Bowen Center website)
, Cognitive Behavior Family Therapy (CBT): - ANSWER Therapies based on
both behavioral techniques, which grew out of scientific, laboratory
experiments, and on the cognitive therapy models. People learn to modify
behaviors both by altering the reinforcement contingencies and/or changing the
cognitions that influence their behaviors and interactions.
Cognitive Maps: - ANSWER Mental models by which incoming information
is perceived, understood, transformed, and stored, together with a corresponding
repertoire of behavioral options. Maps are based on the integration of
experiences. Each part of the cognitive map - i.e., input and output - forms the
individual's internal representation of reality. Cognitive maps shape actions and
communication. They may be flexible, able to change and expand cumulatively
with new information and experiences, or they may be rigid and limiting. Maps
have both language and spatial aspects - with a private vocabulary and imagery
that determines how incoming communication is interpreted.
Collaborative Language Family Therapy: - ANSWER From Goolishian and
Anderson, a model of family therapy based on the idea that problems are
maintained in the family's language and may be resolved by changes in their use
of language. The therapist asks questions from a not knowing stance, designed
to draw out the client's own views of the problem. The problem is "dissolved"
as new meanings and actions evolve.
Communication Theory: - ANSWER Originated by the MRI group, the study
of the process by which verbal and non-verbal information is exchanged within
a relationship. Communication can be analogic which has little structure, but is
rich in content, or digital which is verbal communication perceived and
interpreted based on meaning. (see various types of communications: Haptic;
Kinesthetic; Paralinguistic; and Streptic).
Classical Conditioning: - ANSWER A learning paradigm studied and practised
in a laboratory or other controlled environment in which a stimulus called the
unconditioned stimulus (US) which naturally elicits an unconditioned response
(UCR), is paired with a neutral stimulus that does not initially elicit a response.
Through the repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus (now the conditioned
stimulus - CS) begins to elicit the desired response (now the conditioned
response - CR).
Coercion (Aversive Control): - ANSWER From behavioral family therapy,
one person uses aversive stimuli to control the behavior of another.
Coaching - ANSWER In Bowenian therapy (used by other models as well),
the use of an objective person, such as the therapist, to guide a family member
to interact with other members in new ways and prevent the family from
seducing the person back into older, dysfunctional behaviors. The therapist
takes an educative role, rather than an emotional one.
Sibling Position: - ANSWER Bowen theory adopts the work of psychologist
Walter Toman as the basis for its own concept of sibling position. Bowen did
observe the influence of sibling position on development and behavior in his
family research. However, he found Toman's work so comprehensive and in
harmony with his thinking that he adopted it into his theory. The basic idea is
that people who grow up in the same sibling position predictably have important
common characteristics. For example, oldest children tend to gravitate to
leadership positions and youngest children often prefer to be followers. The
characteristics of one position are not "better" than those of another position, but
are complementary. For instance, a boss who is an oldest child may work
unusually well with a first assistant who is a youngest child. Youngest children
may like to be in charge but their leadership style typically differs from an
oldest's style. (From the Bowen Center website)
, Cognitive Behavior Family Therapy (CBT): - ANSWER Therapies based on
both behavioral techniques, which grew out of scientific, laboratory
experiments, and on the cognitive therapy models. People learn to modify
behaviors both by altering the reinforcement contingencies and/or changing the
cognitions that influence their behaviors and interactions.
Cognitive Maps: - ANSWER Mental models by which incoming information
is perceived, understood, transformed, and stored, together with a corresponding
repertoire of behavioral options. Maps are based on the integration of
experiences. Each part of the cognitive map - i.e., input and output - forms the
individual's internal representation of reality. Cognitive maps shape actions and
communication. They may be flexible, able to change and expand cumulatively
with new information and experiences, or they may be rigid and limiting. Maps
have both language and spatial aspects - with a private vocabulary and imagery
that determines how incoming communication is interpreted.
Collaborative Language Family Therapy: - ANSWER From Goolishian and
Anderson, a model of family therapy based on the idea that problems are
maintained in the family's language and may be resolved by changes in their use
of language. The therapist asks questions from a not knowing stance, designed
to draw out the client's own views of the problem. The problem is "dissolved"
as new meanings and actions evolve.
Communication Theory: - ANSWER Originated by the MRI group, the study
of the process by which verbal and non-verbal information is exchanged within
a relationship. Communication can be analogic which has little structure, but is
rich in content, or digital which is verbal communication perceived and
interpreted based on meaning. (see various types of communications: Haptic;
Kinesthetic; Paralinguistic; and Streptic).
