NURS 5461 New Final Exam Questions And 100%
Correct Answers (A+)
What should consider ICD placement? - ANSWER Patients with NYHA class II or III heart
failure, LVEF of 35%, and life expectancy > 1 year: consider an ICD
Cardiomyopathies - ANSWER dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive
A&P of LV
Dilated-enlarged, systolic dysfunction
Hypertrophic- Thickened, diastolic dysfunction
Restrictive-Fibrotic, diastolic dysfunction
Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to
become enlarged and to pump less strongly
Dilated Cardiomyopathy signs, symptoms, and findings? - ANSWER Fatigue
Dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath
Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Increasing edema, weight, or abdominal girth
signs of heart failure and volume overload
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Signs of hypoxia (eg, cyanosis, clubbing)
Jugular venous distension (JVD)
Pulmonary edema (crackles and/or wheezes)
, S 3 gallop
Enlarged liver
Peripheral edema
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER pathological enlargement of the heart,
generally for no known reason
LV becomes thick
Common genetic CV disease (autosomal dominant mutation)
Treatment For hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER "Beta-blockers initially for
symptomatic relief, CCBs for 2nd line tx. Refer to cardiologist for surgical options.
Avoid intense athletic training."
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion
of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body
What is the best diagnostic for Valvular disease - ANSWER Echocardiogram
Aortic Stenosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER Defined as transaortic gradient > 40mmHg
or an aortic valve area of <1cm2
-The aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs left ventricular outflow during systole.
-Increased resistance to ejection or afterload results in ventricular hypertrophy.
-As worsens, cardiac output becomes fixed and cannot increase to meet the demands of
the body during exertion. Symptoms then develop.
-Eventually the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the left atrium, and the pulmonary
system becomes congested. Right-sided HF can occur late in the disease
aortic regurgitation pathophysiology - ANSWER Aortic Valve Does Not Close
Left Ventricle's Volume Increases
Correct Answers (A+)
What should consider ICD placement? - ANSWER Patients with NYHA class II or III heart
failure, LVEF of 35%, and life expectancy > 1 year: consider an ICD
Cardiomyopathies - ANSWER dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive
A&P of LV
Dilated-enlarged, systolic dysfunction
Hypertrophic- Thickened, diastolic dysfunction
Restrictive-Fibrotic, diastolic dysfunction
Dilated Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to
become enlarged and to pump less strongly
Dilated Cardiomyopathy signs, symptoms, and findings? - ANSWER Fatigue
Dyspnea on exertion, shortness of breath
Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Increasing edema, weight, or abdominal girth
signs of heart failure and volume overload
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Signs of hypoxia (eg, cyanosis, clubbing)
Jugular venous distension (JVD)
Pulmonary edema (crackles and/or wheezes)
, S 3 gallop
Enlarged liver
Peripheral edema
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER pathological enlargement of the heart,
generally for no known reason
LV becomes thick
Common genetic CV disease (autosomal dominant mutation)
Treatment For hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? - ANSWER "Beta-blockers initially for
symptomatic relief, CCBs for 2nd line tx. Refer to cardiologist for surgical options.
Avoid intense athletic training."
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - ANSWER heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion
of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body
What is the best diagnostic for Valvular disease - ANSWER Echocardiogram
Aortic Stenosis Pathophysiology - ANSWER Defined as transaortic gradient > 40mmHg
or an aortic valve area of <1cm2
-The aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs left ventricular outflow during systole.
-Increased resistance to ejection or afterload results in ventricular hypertrophy.
-As worsens, cardiac output becomes fixed and cannot increase to meet the demands of
the body during exertion. Symptoms then develop.
-Eventually the left ventricle fails, blood backs up in the left atrium, and the pulmonary
system becomes congested. Right-sided HF can occur late in the disease
aortic regurgitation pathophysiology - ANSWER Aortic Valve Does Not Close
Left Ventricle's Volume Increases
