Molecular and Cellular Biology - Exam 1 Test Bank 3
Chemical reac ons carried out by living systems depend on the ability of some organisms to capture and
use atoms from nonliving sources in the environment. The specific subset of these reac ons that break
down nutrients in food can be described as - (b) catabolic
When there is an excess of nutrients available in the human body, insulin is released to s mulate the
synthesis of glycogen from glucose. This is a specific example of a(n) __________ process, a general
process in which larger molecules are made from smaller molecules - (c) anabolic
The second law of thermodynamics states that the disorder in any system is always increasing. In simple
terms, you can think about dropping NaCl crystals into a glass of water. The "solva on" and diffusion of
ions is favored because there is an increase in - (b) entropy
The energy used by the cell to generate specific biological molecules and highly ordered structures is
stored in the form of - (d) chemical bonds
At first glance, it may seem that living systems are able to defy the second law of thermodynamics.
However, on closer examina on it becomes clear that although cells create organiza on from raw
materials in the environment, they also contribute to disorder in the environment by releasing - (c) heat
In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into what other form of energy? - (a)
electrical or (d) kine c
Fill in the blanks, selec ng from the choices below:
Light + _________ + _________-->_________ + heat + sugars
CO, CO2, O2, H2, H2O, N2, NO - Light + H20 + CO2 --> O2 + heat + sugars
During respira on, energy is retrieved from the high-energy bonds found in certain organic molecules.
Which of the following, in addi on to energy, are the ul mate products of respira on - (a) CO2, H2O
, Your body extracts energy from the food you ingest by catalyzing reac ons that essen ally "burn" the
food molecules in a stepwise fashion. What is another way to describe this process? - (b) oxida on
Oxida on is a favorable process in an aerobic environment, which is the reason cells are able to derive
energy from the oxida on of macromolecules. Once carbon has been oxidized to _____, its most stable
form, it can only cycle back into the organic por on of the carbon cycle through _____ - (a) CO2,
photosynthesis
Oxida on is the process by which oxygen atoms are added to a target molecule. Generally, the atom that
is oxidized will experience which of the following with respect to the electrons in its outer shell? - (b) a
net loss
When elemental sodium is added to water, the sodium atoms ionize spontaneously. Uncharged Na
becomes Na+ meaning that the Na atoms have been - (b) oxidized
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why.
(A) Photosynthe c organisms release only O2 into the atmosphere, while non-photosynthe c organisms
release only CO2
(B) The cycling of carbon through the biosphere first requires the incorpora on of inorganic CO2 into
organic molecules
(C) The oxida on of one molecule is always coupled to the reduc on of a second molecule
(D) During cellular respira on, carbon-containing molecules become successively more oxidized un l
they reach their most oxidized form, as CO2 - (A) FALSE - Plants, as well as photosynthe c algae and
bacteria, perform both photosynthesis and respira on; this means that photosynthe c organisms
release both O2 and CO2 into the atmosphere
(B) TRUE
(C) TRUE - This forms the basis for redox pairs
(D) TRUE
Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their rela ve levels of oxida on (assign 5 to the
most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced)
_____ CH2O Formaldehyde
_____ CH4 Methane
Chemical reac ons carried out by living systems depend on the ability of some organisms to capture and
use atoms from nonliving sources in the environment. The specific subset of these reac ons that break
down nutrients in food can be described as - (b) catabolic
When there is an excess of nutrients available in the human body, insulin is released to s mulate the
synthesis of glycogen from glucose. This is a specific example of a(n) __________ process, a general
process in which larger molecules are made from smaller molecules - (c) anabolic
The second law of thermodynamics states that the disorder in any system is always increasing. In simple
terms, you can think about dropping NaCl crystals into a glass of water. The "solva on" and diffusion of
ions is favored because there is an increase in - (b) entropy
The energy used by the cell to generate specific biological molecules and highly ordered structures is
stored in the form of - (d) chemical bonds
At first glance, it may seem that living systems are able to defy the second law of thermodynamics.
However, on closer examina on it becomes clear that although cells create organiza on from raw
materials in the environment, they also contribute to disorder in the environment by releasing - (c) heat
In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is converted into what other form of energy? - (a)
electrical or (d) kine c
Fill in the blanks, selec ng from the choices below:
Light + _________ + _________-->_________ + heat + sugars
CO, CO2, O2, H2, H2O, N2, NO - Light + H20 + CO2 --> O2 + heat + sugars
During respira on, energy is retrieved from the high-energy bonds found in certain organic molecules.
Which of the following, in addi on to energy, are the ul mate products of respira on - (a) CO2, H2O
, Your body extracts energy from the food you ingest by catalyzing reac ons that essen ally "burn" the
food molecules in a stepwise fashion. What is another way to describe this process? - (b) oxida on
Oxida on is a favorable process in an aerobic environment, which is the reason cells are able to derive
energy from the oxida on of macromolecules. Once carbon has been oxidized to _____, its most stable
form, it can only cycle back into the organic por on of the carbon cycle through _____ - (a) CO2,
photosynthesis
Oxida on is the process by which oxygen atoms are added to a target molecule. Generally, the atom that
is oxidized will experience which of the following with respect to the electrons in its outer shell? - (b) a
net loss
When elemental sodium is added to water, the sodium atoms ionize spontaneously. Uncharged Na
becomes Na+ meaning that the Na atoms have been - (b) oxidized
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If a statement is false, explain why.
(A) Photosynthe c organisms release only O2 into the atmosphere, while non-photosynthe c organisms
release only CO2
(B) The cycling of carbon through the biosphere first requires the incorpora on of inorganic CO2 into
organic molecules
(C) The oxida on of one molecule is always coupled to the reduc on of a second molecule
(D) During cellular respira on, carbon-containing molecules become successively more oxidized un l
they reach their most oxidized form, as CO2 - (A) FALSE - Plants, as well as photosynthe c algae and
bacteria, perform both photosynthesis and respira on; this means that photosynthe c organisms
release both O2 and CO2 into the atmosphere
(B) TRUE
(C) TRUE - This forms the basis for redox pairs
(D) TRUE
Arrange the following molecules in order with respect to their rela ve levels of oxida on (assign 5 to the
most oxidized and 1 to the most reduced)
_____ CH2O Formaldehyde
_____ CH4 Methane
