METEOROLOGY ELABORATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

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METEOROLOGY ELABORATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER




What is ICAO? - CORRECT ANSWER-A specialized agency of
the United nations, it codifies the principles and techniques of
international air navigation and fosters the planning and
development of international air transport to ensure safe and
orderly growth

What is WMO? - CORRECT ANSWER-A specialized agency of
the united nations. For meteorology (weather and climate)
operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences

Who makes the upper air forecasts? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Centres (WAFC)

Who makes the aerodrome forecasts- TAFor and Briefing
documents? - CORRECT ANSWER-Meteorological offices
(MO) (veðurstofan)

Who makes SIGMET and AIRMET? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Meteorological watch offices (MWO) (veðurstofan)

Who makes the METAR, SPECI and MET reports? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Aeronautical meteorological stations
(AMS) (veðurstofan)

Who gathers information on volcanic ash? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAAC)

Who gathers information on tropical cyclones? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tropical cyclone advisory centres (TCAC)

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What is the atmosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
spheroidal gaseous envelope surrounding a heavenly body

Below how many km does the composition of main gases not
vary with height (except for ozone)? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Below 60km

What are the constituents of the atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Nitrogen=78%
Oxygen=21%
(main gases)
and then trace gases:
Argon=0,95%
Carbon dioxide= 0,04%

What are important characteristics of air? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Air is a poor conductor and it acts as a fluid

Earths atmosphere varies vertically and horizontally in..... -
CORRECT ANSWER-Pressure, temperature, density, humidity
The vertical variation of temperature (temperature lapse rate)
provides basis for the division of the atmosphere into distinctive
layers

How is the structure of the atmosphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. troposphere 0-11km
2. stratosphere 11-50km
3. Mesosphere 50-80km
4.Ionosphere 80-700km
5. Exosphere +700km

How long up does the troposphere extend? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Up to about 11 km height (8-18 km depending on
location)




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How much mass does the troposphere have in the atmosphere?
- CORRECT ANSWER-It contains about 75% of the mass in
the atmosphere, therefore almost all of the weather

How is the temperature in the troposphere? - CORRECT
ANSWER-It decreases from the surface upwards, caused by
expansion of the air (1,98°C/1000' or 0,65°C/100m)

How is the troposphere at the poles, at the mid-latitudes and at
the equator? - CORRECT ANSWER-At the poles it is up to 8km
(26000ft) and is up to -40°C, at the mid latitudes it is up to 11
km (36000ft) and is up to -55°C and then at the equator it is up
to 16km (53000ft) and -75°C

What is the tropopause? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is a
transition from the troposphere to the stratosphere, it is defined
as the place where the temperature no longer reduces with
increased height

How is the temperature and the height in the tropopause? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Temperature ranges from -40 (polar) to -
80 (equator) but is on average -56,5°C at 11km, height is from
8-10km over the poles and 16-18 km over the equator

What is the definition of WMO? - CORRECT ANSWER-The
boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere,
where an abrupt change in lapse rate usually occurs. It is
defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to
2°C/km or less provided that the average lapse rate between
this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed
2°C/km

What does the tropopause height usually mark? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The maximum cloud height, the presence of jet
stream, the presence of CAT (clear air turbulance or TURB)
and the maximum wind speed



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Altitude of the tropopause varies with temperature and
therefore..... - CORRECT ANSWER-Time of year, latitude and
time of day

What is the stratosphere and how is its height and
temperature? - CORRECT ANSWER-It is 11-50km, the
temperature there stops decreasing with height and initially
remains constant up to 20km.

Why does the temperature in the stratosphere start increasing
with height? - CORRECT ANSWER-Because of the ozone
layer and the sun's ultraviolet radiation is absorbed in the
formation of ozone.

Is there any vapor in the stratosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER-
No almost none, there are nacreous clouds and mother of pearl
clouds (glitský)

How is the height and temperature in the mesosphere and what
kind of clouds can you usually find there? - CORRECT
ANSWER-50-80km, the lowest temperature is found there (-
73°C) and you can usually find noctillucent clouds there
(silfurský)

Why does the air in the Ionosphere become ionized? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Because of sunrays (aurora borealis and
radio waves)

What layer is above the ionosphere? - CORRECT ANSWER-
The exosphere, which is the outermost layer, the gas density
there is very low

What changes as the aircraft operating altitude increases? -
CORRECT ANSWER-The concentrations of ozone and cosmic
radiation become of greater importance to the aviator




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