BIOL 1201 TEST 1: Licata; ch 1-5
Quantitative data - ✔️✔️data: recorded measurements, which are sometimes
organized into tables and graphs
Inductive reasoning - ✔️✔️draws general conclusions through observations of
specific/many examples; taking a lot of different data and trying to find a pattern to it
(Hypothesis formation & model building); REASONING
Deductive reasoning - ✔️✔️uses general premises to make specific predictions; take
those general principles and speculate what will happen next (hypothesis testing &
syllogisms); generally used after the hypothesis has been developed and involves logic
that flows in the opposite direction, from general to specific; REASONING
Reductionism - ✔️✔️the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are
more manageable to study; for example: studying the molecular structure of DNA to
help understand inheritance
Systems biology - ✔️✔️constructs models for behavior of whole biological systems--
and interactions across/between levels of biological organization
Systems Biology - ✔️✔️an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of
whole biological systems based on a study of interactions among the system's parts.
Non-living factors and other organisms - ✔️✔️Every organism interacts with its
environment, including _____ and _____
Energy - ✔️✔️A fundamental characteristic of living organism's is their use of ____ to
carry out life's activities.
Energy - ✔️✔️Living organisms transform ___ from one form to another
Structure and Function - ✔️✔️___ and ___ are correlated at all levels of biological
organization.
Cells
"The Cell Theory" - ✔️✔️the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities
required for life
ALL CELLS - ✔️✔️enclosed by a membrane, use DNA as their genetic information
,Eukaryotic Cells - ✔️✔️Greatly larger than prokaryotic cells (prokaryotic cells are just
DNA enclosed by a cell membrane--non nucleus)
DNA - ✔️✔️the substance of genes
Genes - ✔️✔️the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
the ability of cells to divide and duplicate their DNA - ✔️✔️the basis of all reproduction,
growth, and repair of multicellular organisms
Gene expression - ✔️✔️the process of converting information from gene to cellular
product
Evolution - ✔️✔️the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its
earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
Evolution - ✔️✔️Fundamental organizing principle of biology and the core theme of this
book
Biology - ✔️✔️Scientific study of life
Organization, Energy Use, Development, Reproduction, Evolve, Respond to the
Environment - ✔️✔️Characteristics of a living system
Emergent Properties - ✔️✔️result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within
a system; can characterize nonbiological entities as well. For example, a functioning
bicycle emerges only when all of the necessary parts connect in the correct way
Cells;
for example, a skin cell - ✔️✔️What is the lowest level of biological organization that
can perform all the activities required for life?
Negative Feedback - ✔️✔️means that the product of a process inhibits the process;
accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process; The most common
form of regulation in a living system
positive feedback - ✔️✔️in which an end product speeds up its on process
Evolution - ✔️✔️explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms; similar
traits among organisms are explained by descent from common ancestors; the
overarching theme of biology
, accumulation of heritable changes - ✔️✔️Differences among organisms are explained
by
Evolution - ✔️✔️accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bacteria, Archaea bacteria, and Eukarya - ✔️✔️Three domains of life
Scientific Method - ✔️✔️Predictions or hypothesis--> Test--> Observation (Data)-->
Generalization or Model
Data - ✔️✔️recorded observations or items of information
Qualitative and Quantitative - ✔️✔️Two categories of data
Qualitative data - ✔️✔️data: descriptions rather than measurements
Hypothesis - ✔️✔️A ____ must be testable and falsifiable
controlled experiment - ✔️✔️compares an experimental group with a control group
Theory (in the context of science) - ✔️✔️-broader in scope than a hypothesis
-general and can lead to new, testable hypothesis
-supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis
understand natural phenomena - ✔️✔️The goal of science is to...
technology - ✔️✔️The goal of ____ is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific
purpose.
Interdependent - ✔️✔️Science and technology are ____.
discoveries; inventions - ✔️✔️Biology is marked by "___", while technology is marked
by "____"
System - ✔️✔️simply a combination of components that function together.
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population,
community, ecosystem - ✔️✔️What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological
organization from the least to the most complex?
Emergent properties
(A molecule such as a protein has attributes not exhibited by any of its component parts
(e.g., amino acids). Therefore, novel properties are emerging that were not present at a
simpler level of organization.) - ✔️✔️No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or
Quantitative data - ✔️✔️data: recorded measurements, which are sometimes
organized into tables and graphs
Inductive reasoning - ✔️✔️draws general conclusions through observations of
specific/many examples; taking a lot of different data and trying to find a pattern to it
(Hypothesis formation & model building); REASONING
Deductive reasoning - ✔️✔️uses general premises to make specific predictions; take
those general principles and speculate what will happen next (hypothesis testing &
syllogisms); generally used after the hypothesis has been developed and involves logic
that flows in the opposite direction, from general to specific; REASONING
Reductionism - ✔️✔️the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are
more manageable to study; for example: studying the molecular structure of DNA to
help understand inheritance
Systems biology - ✔️✔️constructs models for behavior of whole biological systems--
and interactions across/between levels of biological organization
Systems Biology - ✔️✔️an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of
whole biological systems based on a study of interactions among the system's parts.
Non-living factors and other organisms - ✔️✔️Every organism interacts with its
environment, including _____ and _____
Energy - ✔️✔️A fundamental characteristic of living organism's is their use of ____ to
carry out life's activities.
Energy - ✔️✔️Living organisms transform ___ from one form to another
Structure and Function - ✔️✔️___ and ___ are correlated at all levels of biological
organization.
Cells
"The Cell Theory" - ✔️✔️the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities
required for life
ALL CELLS - ✔️✔️enclosed by a membrane, use DNA as their genetic information
,Eukaryotic Cells - ✔️✔️Greatly larger than prokaryotic cells (prokaryotic cells are just
DNA enclosed by a cell membrane--non nucleus)
DNA - ✔️✔️the substance of genes
Genes - ✔️✔️the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
the ability of cells to divide and duplicate their DNA - ✔️✔️the basis of all reproduction,
growth, and repair of multicellular organisms
Gene expression - ✔️✔️the process of converting information from gene to cellular
product
Evolution - ✔️✔️the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its
earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
Evolution - ✔️✔️Fundamental organizing principle of biology and the core theme of this
book
Biology - ✔️✔️Scientific study of life
Organization, Energy Use, Development, Reproduction, Evolve, Respond to the
Environment - ✔️✔️Characteristics of a living system
Emergent Properties - ✔️✔️result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within
a system; can characterize nonbiological entities as well. For example, a functioning
bicycle emerges only when all of the necessary parts connect in the correct way
Cells;
for example, a skin cell - ✔️✔️What is the lowest level of biological organization that
can perform all the activities required for life?
Negative Feedback - ✔️✔️means that the product of a process inhibits the process;
accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process; The most common
form of regulation in a living system
positive feedback - ✔️✔️in which an end product speeds up its on process
Evolution - ✔️✔️explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms; similar
traits among organisms are explained by descent from common ancestors; the
overarching theme of biology
, accumulation of heritable changes - ✔️✔️Differences among organisms are explained
by
Evolution - ✔️✔️accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bacteria, Archaea bacteria, and Eukarya - ✔️✔️Three domains of life
Scientific Method - ✔️✔️Predictions or hypothesis--> Test--> Observation (Data)-->
Generalization or Model
Data - ✔️✔️recorded observations or items of information
Qualitative and Quantitative - ✔️✔️Two categories of data
Qualitative data - ✔️✔️data: descriptions rather than measurements
Hypothesis - ✔️✔️A ____ must be testable and falsifiable
controlled experiment - ✔️✔️compares an experimental group with a control group
Theory (in the context of science) - ✔️✔️-broader in scope than a hypothesis
-general and can lead to new, testable hypothesis
-supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis
understand natural phenomena - ✔️✔️The goal of science is to...
technology - ✔️✔️The goal of ____ is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific
purpose.
Interdependent - ✔️✔️Science and technology are ____.
discoveries; inventions - ✔️✔️Biology is marked by "___", while technology is marked
by "____"
System - ✔️✔️simply a combination of components that function together.
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population,
community, ecosystem - ✔️✔️What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological
organization from the least to the most complex?
Emergent properties
(A molecule such as a protein has attributes not exhibited by any of its component parts
(e.g., amino acids). Therefore, novel properties are emerging that were not present at a
simpler level of organization.) - ✔️✔️No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or
